One of the core variables in this study closely relates to the phenomenon of acculturation. The definition of term first was presented by Redfield, Linton, & Herskovits in their Memorandum for the Study of Acculturation (1936) where they claimed that “acculturation comprehends those phenomena which result when groups of individuals having different cultures come into continuous first-hand contact with subsequent changes in the original culture patterns of either or both groups” (p.149). Although the first definition suggested that change could possibly occur in both groups, Berry in his Psychology of Acculturation (1990a) argued that acculturation tends to change one group more than the other.
The process of acculturation is acknowledged to
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The first is also called “cultural maintenance” and it refers to how much a person sees his original cultural identity as something that needs to be preserved. “Receiving-culture acquisition” meanwhile, refers to extent to which a person is willing to involve himself with other cultural groups. According to this bidimensional approach, four acculturation patterns can possibly emerge: assimilation, where limited interest and involvement is made to maintain the heritage culture alongside a high level of involvement with the receiving culture. Separation, in which there is high involvement in maintaining the heritage culture and low involvement with the receiving culture. Marginalization, in which there is low involvement in both cultures. Integration, or biculturalism, in which there is high involvement in both heritage and receiving cultures (Berry, Phinney, Sam, & Vedder, …show more content…
In some studies the effects encompass psychological distress and mood states (Berry, Phinney, Sam, & Vedder, 2006; Sam, 2006). In general, the effects of acculturation on psychological adjustment are studied within a stress and coping theoretical perspective, where psychological adjustment is viewed as an outcome of efforts to cope with the demands of the acculturation process (Berry, 2006). Nguyen and Benet- Martínez (2013) showed that integrated individuals tended to be significantly better adjusted than those who were oriented to only one culture. Several studies have demonstrated how acculturation can affect immigrants’ psychological adjustment in areas such a parenting, college performance and attachment avoidance. For example, parenting was shown to be positively correlated with how acculturated the parents were (Costigan, C. L., & Koryzma, C. M., 2011). Stress associated with acculturation affects person’s level of anxiety and depression (Crockett et al.,
1)The first article is called Portuguese Immigrant Families: The Impact of Acculturation this was written by MARIE MORRISON, M.A. and SUSAN JAMES, PH.D.. This article helps us understand what happens when some Portuguese families move to the United States and how they are able to be able to change adapt to the change in cultures. It also looks at how it affects their thinking. Morrison and James describes acculturations as “when groups of individuals having different cultures come into continuous, first-hand contact, with subsequent changes in the original culture pat- terns of either or both groups’’.
When we are first brought into this world, we have no prior knowledge of our culture. Through our family we are introduced to our expected language, family dynamic, and gender roles. Our roots are a major component in diversifying humans from each other; although, our roots are able to diversify human from each other it is a powerful element in uniting the human race. In order to fully understand the cultural differences and similarities that is present in my daily life, I decided to interview Annabel Solorio--a Mexican-American. In my early childhood and adolescents, I was frequently exposed to the Mexican culture through my peers.
Sara says, "I remember once asking my dad if he felt like he belonged in America. He said he didn't know. He said he always felt like an outsider, like he was always observing but never really participating" (Saedi 4). This demonstrates how difficult cultural assimilation can be for some people, particularly those who have strong ties to their cultural heritage. Sara's father's experience demonstrates how cultural assimilation is a difficult process, with individuals facing unique challenges based on their cultural background and personal
Migration makes it difficult for individuals to adjust to their new American home, but this initial disadvantage is a blessing in disguise because it provides
The mental health state of the various immigrants groups were wide-ranging. However, the groups were lumped together regardless of their varying culture backgrounds. The conclusion was that more specific research needs to done to address the diverse immigrant populations because the current is too limited to
Through his article he shows the experiences of the immigrant women coping with long term periods of separation from their families and the psychological dimensions
The Traumatic Experiences of Immigrants Immigrants across the world receive many types of discrimination and backlash in foreign countries. Many immigrants suffer through traumatic experiences when traveling to a new environment because of the effects xenophobia has on immigrants. Xenophobic actions can greatly impact the lives of immigrants, resulting in emotional pain and also intrusive thoughts. The xenophobic actions immigrants can experience can cause them to feel unwelcome, which can deal a heavy blow to their mental health. Immigrants can also experience xenophobic actions that can turn into physical trauma, leaving them with injuries or bruises.
According to Potochnick & Perreira (2010) there is higher likelihood of anxiety and depression on Hispanic/Latinos when immigration and psychosocial worries are present. With the large majority of foreign-born population in the U.S. originating from Mexican land [I], this is an important matter to consider. 2. Lack of medical care may not be the ultimate factor in the low number of treatment for depressive disorders in this culture, a social-cultural script may also be of substantial significance in this matter. C.
However, his theory and most of the previous research focus on mainly immigrants’ acculturation. Considering that there are also other groups such as sojourners and expatriates, Berry’s theory and other acculturation theories may not totally apply to the groups apart from immigrants. (Lian & Tsang , 2010). Furthermore, acculturation is usually referred as an adjustment and adaptation process of cultural change as the final outcome (Adler and Gielen (2003). For this reason, the extensive body of research in the expatriation literature has focused on cross-cultural adjustment process of individuals and minority groups in response to their contact with the dominant majority and it constitutes the central conceptual framework of this
The linear model described above is widely accepted not only with regard to economic assimilation of immigrants, but also in the field of health research, which focuses on health outcomes of immigrant assimilation (Portes & Rumbaut, 1996; Rumbaut & Weeks, 1996). However, the linearity of immigrants' health assimilation is reversed when compared to economic assimilation. Studies on immigration and health report that upon arrival in the host country immigrants are likely to be healthier than the native-born population (McDonald & Kennedy, 2004; Akresh, 2007). This phenomenon has been termed in the literature the "healthy immigrant effect". Such studies have clearly demonstrated that, on average, the recent immigrant population has lower birth
When I immigrate to the United States I was unaware that other immigrants are having same symptoms that I had like anxiety and depression. According to a study of about 250 immigrant in New Zealand that self-reported their post immigration feelings suggest that they all suffered from depression. The study analyzed immigrant from different countries and suggested that “demographic characteristics are not associated with symptoms levels” (Pernice, 511). In other words regardless where an immigrant is coming from he or she most likely will have similar symptoms. The study also indicated that not having close friends and spending most of the time with one’s own ethnic group affected anxiety and depression scores.
Two Worlds, One Girl There are many different cultures around the world, but you never really know what is like being between two different cultures, until you are experiencing it yourself. While growing up, I had the privilege and misfortune of becoming familiar with two different cultures: my family’s culture, from their birth country, Guatemala, and the culture of the United States of America. I say misfortune not because it was a disaster, catastrophe, or bad luck; I say it because sometimes you get so used to being in one culture that you start to forget about your family’s origin. Sometimes you even like something in one culture better than the other, and you feel guilty for having a preference.
The traumatic effects caused by immigration Did you know that 29% of foreign-born children and 34% foreign born parents experienced trauma during the immigration process? Thousands of people from all over the world leave their homes in search of a better life for themselves and their families. But, along the way they may experience traumatic events related to the immigration process which can have lasting effects. Separation or loss of a family member, leaving behind a well loved home and community, re-adjusting to new and different culture, food, customs and lifestyle are things many immigrants face, which add to the difficulty of being an immigrant. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder One traumatic effect that is often caused by immigration is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (P.T.S.D).
Milton Gordon believed that the process of assimilation can be separated into seven different subprocesses. However, the book focuses entirely on the first three processes of assimilation. The first process of assimilation is acculturation or cultural assimilation. This is when members of the immigrant or minority group learns the culture of the dominant group.
Depression being one of the largely common ones. This is also associated once more with discrimination and stereotypes. In a study conducted by the department of Psychology of the New York University on how culture affects immigrant population, it could be seen how identifying with one's own ethnic group relates to the state of their mental