Types Of Budget

Budget Definition:

An estimation of the revenue and expenses over a specified future period of time. A budget can be made for a person, family, group of people, business, government, country, multinational organization or just about anything else that makes and spends money. A budget is a microeconomic concept that shows the tradeoff made when one good is exchanged for another.

A surplus budget means profits are anticipated, while a balanced budget means that revenues are expected to equal expenses. A deficit budget means expenses will exceed revenues. Budgets are usually compiled and re-evaluated on a periodic basis. Adjustments are made to budgets based on the goals of the budgeting organization. In some cases, budget makers are happy to

The most common types of operating budgets are expense, revenue, and profit budgets.

Expense Budget

An expense budget is an operating budget that documents expected expenses during the budget period. Three different kinds of expenses normally are evaluated in the expense budget - fixed, variable and discretionary (Discretionary expenses - costs that depend on managerial judgment because they cannot be determined with certainty, for example: legal fees, accounting fees and R&D expenses).

Revenue

Three important financial budgets are the cash budget, capital expenditure budget and the balance sheet budget.

Cash budget

Cash budgets are forecasts of how much cash the organization has on hand and how much it will need to meet expenses. The cash budget helps managers determine whether they will have adequate amounts of cash to handle required disbursements when necessary, when there will be excess cash that needs to be invested, and when cash flows deviate from budgeted amounts.

Capital Expenditure Budget

Capital Expenditure Budgets. Investment in property, buildings and major equipment are called capital expenditure. Such capital expenditure budgets allow management to forecast capital requirements, to on top of important capital projects, and to ensure the adequate cash is available to meet these expenditures as they come due.

The balance sheet budget

The balance sheet budget plans the amount of assets and liabilities for the end of the time period under considerations. A balance sheet budget is also known as a pro forma (projected) balance sheet. Analysis of the balance sheet budget may suggest problems or opportunities that will require managers to alter some of the other