There are different typologies of workplace bullying. The workplace bullying can be categorized as downwards, horizontal or upwards. Downward is that perpetrated by management or superiors to subordinates and it is considered as the most common. Horizontal bullying is between peer bullying peers while upwards related with subordinates bullying managers. Employer can also be bullies. Bad employers use bullying strategically to rid the workplace of good employees to avoid a legal obligation, such as paying some worker’s compensation or claims. The workplace bullying can be direct or indirect, may be missed by superiors or known by many throughout the organization.
Workplace bullying can be either direct or indirect behavior which is perceived as affecting an employee’s right to dignity and respect at work. It can be expressed through
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The first type of bullying is serial bullying in which the source of all dysfunction can be traced to one individual, who pick one employee after another and destroys them, then moves on. This is the most common types of bullying occur in workplace.
Next is secondary bullying where the pressure to deal with a serial bully causes the general behavior deteriorated and submerged into the lowest level. Then is pair bullying occur between two people, one active and verbal, the other often watching and listening. Usually this type of bully involves opposite gender and frequently there is an affair going on.
Furthermore, there is gang bullying or group bullying involving a serial bully with colleague. Gang growing rapidly in corporate bullying climates but can occur anywhere. It is usually involves scapegoating or persecution and it is often called mobbing. In addition there is vicarious bullying where it encouraged between the two parties to fight. It is the typical “triangulation" where the aggression gets passed
Nurses who are victims of bullying might take more sick days, look for opportunities from other organizations and abandon their occupation. Absenteeism from work caused by horizontal bullying is increasing. Many nurses do not have the encouragement or the capability necessary to manage with bullying and just fail to come to work in order to avoid the experience, mainly if they are aware that they are going to be teamed up with a “bully” for that certain shift. Absenteeism increase to costs that are not necessary for the organizations and adds a burden to the remaining staff, resulting to an increase turnover and nurse disengagement. While interning at the Miami Jewish Health Systems, the report shows about 150 nurses who quit at the same time due to horizontal bullying.
Teens Working Against Bullying is a psychoeducational group designed for teenagers who are encountering bullying as well as those who have encountered bullying in the past. Teens who are bullied are more likely to experience depression and anxiety, which can contribute to the decrease of academic achievement while others may attempt or commit suicide. There are four common types of bullying which will be addressed in group counseling. The four types of bullying are the following listed: Cyberbullying, physical bullying, verbal bullying, and relational bullying.
What is Bullying? Bullying is aggressive behavior that is intentional and that involves an imbalance of power or strength. Bullying can take many forms, such as hitting, kicking, threatening another, teasing, name-calling, excluding from a group, or sending mean notes or e-mails. How common is bullying?
Bullying is a phenomenon existing as long as humans exist. The fact that it didn’t have a name for years doesn’t mean that it wasn’t a widespread way of behavior, in cases where two different types of people were involved ; the strong and the weak ones. Although bullying is considered as a form of aggression, or in some cases as an infringement of the human rights, “bullying is commonly regarded as an aspect of aggression”. (Roland and Idsoe, 2001), there are significant differences between them , the most important of which that “bullying is different from peer conflict. It is conflict between individuals that do not share equal physical and / or psychological power.
This article explains what is bullying exactly. Bullying is any form of psychological, verbal, or physical abuse that occurs repeatedly among schoolchildren over a period. Statistically, the dominant type of violence is emotional and occurs mostly in the classroom and courtyard of schools. Bullying is a kind of torture, methodical and systematic, in which the aggressor sums up the victim, often with silence, indifference or complicity of other comrades. The author explains some characteristic and consequences of bullying.
Workplace bullying is a growing issue for all the organizations to manage people. Bullying is defined as acts or verbal comments that could 'mentally ' hurt or isolate a person in the workplace. As well as, sometimes bullying can involve negative physical contact. Furthermore, bullying usually involves repeated incidents or a pattern of behavior that is intended to intimidate, offend, and humiliate a particular person or group of people. Some scholars described bullying as the assertion of power through aggression (Workplace Bullying Institute, 2015).
In a 1978 study, Olweus described three different types of bully: the aggressive bully, the passive bully, and the bully-victim. These characterizations still hold true today. Violent bullies are the most common type of bully. Young people who fall into this category tend to be physically strong, impulsive, hot-tempered, belligerent, fearless, coercive, confident, and lacking in empathy for their victims. They have an aggressive personality and are motivated by power and the desire to dominate others.
Often times bullying occurs when adults are not around, which makes it one student’s word against another. In addition, the lack of clear and consistent policy and procedures in schools compounds the ethical dilemma of bullying for educators. This paper aims to establish what bullying is, identify the current problems associated with bullying and discuss guidelines for resolving the ethical issues related to bullying. Understanding Bullying Definition Research on bullying began in the late 1970s and early 1980s when a Norwegian researcher, Dan Olweus, began studying the issue (Beaty & Alexeyev, 2008; Greene, 2006).
Workplace bullying is something that we get familiar with starting from elementary or middle school and it goes on in the life of people who are weak to strong ones. According to the 2010 survey done in the United States by the Workplace Bullying Institute, more than half the population suffers from being bullied at their job place. The question is that whether the workplace bullying is because of pressure to get ahead of other employees or its just mere jealousy of seeing others getting ahead at work? The actual bullying takes place out of jealously or if someone is doing much better than the other person whether he/she is a student or an employee. Bullying is a non-physical form of violence as it shows traits of abusive behavior and disturb
Theoretical Framework This study is postulated on the theories, concepts and principles regarding on Workplace Bullying and its impact on employees productivity and performance. According to Einarsen’s conceptual framework Model (see Figure 1) of the nature and cause of workplace bullying (Einarsen 2003; as cited in Einarsen, 2005), three elements can describe the causes of workplace bullying: individual, social and organizational. Hoel and Stalin (2003; as cited in Lewis, 2004) suggested that there are four antecedents to organizational causes of workplace bullying, namely: the changing nature of work, how work is organized, the organizational culture, and leadership. The changing nature of work can be attributed to globalization, mergers and the current economic recession, among others (McCarthy, 2003).
In this article “bullying” is defined as a non-physical form of violence which can lead to emotional harm. In the workplace bullying can be rewarded unconsciously. This can happen in many ways such as promotions, and celebratory comments. Bullying can also be encouraged by not getting punished. The article goes on to say that the workplace turns everything into a competition so that the employees can work harder.
Scholars also pointed out that social support is a bridge between employees and organizations. Through interpersonal interaction and assistance, we can not only meet the employees' feelings, self-esteem appreciation, belonging and security needs, but also help them to enhance their resilience in confronting with challenges, pressures, and difficulties, have been considered that receiving support from supervisor and peer can directly help employees to cope with workplace stress (Cheryl, 2009). Nursing work required professional training, problems or tough situations encountered in workplace, in contrast to the friends or family, colleagues, close preceptors or unit supervisors may exchange experiences and recognize each other which is important force to help the novice nurse get through an adaptation phase independently (Kerber, et al., 2015).Hutchinson et al. (2008) suggest that the organizational characteristics of the nursing workplace are a very important prerequisite factor in nursing WPB model. The factors such as tolerance, awareness, legitimate power and rules are over-used in the workplace bullying, therefore, starting from each unit, from the supervisors to each colleague, establish awareness and cognitive of bullying situational, and introspect whether exceeding of authority and limitation in speech or attitude to others have caused bullying behavior, moreover establish anti-bullying workplace atmosphere are important steps to solve WPB.As administrative directors, regularly investigate the workplace bullying, setup counseling hotlines, provide staff care and help promptly, to create a safe and "zero-tolerance workplace bullying" working environment are positive, aggressive direction to go
Issue: Bullying in the workforce between younger people is not the only problem in the schools, the kids learn their behaviour from their parents or students that are in another year level this is similar to the workforce, a co-worker can be starting that day and then observe how their experienced peers are behaving and think that its okay. Workplace bullying is once of the biggest issues amongst young adults who focus more on bullying a lower member of the staff rather than complete their daily workload. Bullying in the workplace is usually verbal, physical, social or psychological abuse by an employer, manager or another person from a group of people at work. Workplace bullying can happen at anytime on the worksite and anywhere such as offices
Other important agents are social norms and organizational culture. Bullying and workplace harassment adversely affects the individual victim, the employer organization and at large, the economy. The existence of unsafe work environment characterized by bullying and harassment undermines the business growth and profitability of organizations and also leads to a damaging impact on the organization’s corporate image. Employer organization consequently has to pay in terms of litigation, increased staff turnover and loss of morale, absenteeism, potential workers’ compensation claims etc.
It is necessary that HR executives keep an eye on the job security and employee turnover as a result of bullying behavior. The research looks into how the employee as well as the company might suffer as result of bullying behaviors being committed. It also provides an insight into the after effects such as health impairment and threat to career growth as a