There was a huge euro zone crisis which fluctuation in the GDP, inflation and unemployment rates. This crisis hit tourism, retail and home sales . The economy in this year had a serious setback , after this the government had to take up good and progressive policies .They looked up on their tax policies and mainly on the service sector as it is one of the major sector of contribution for the country . Another major attraction of the country is the tourism field , according to one of the study conducted developing tourism ,can be very helpful and can bring a very positive conditions . Developing this sector can help is complete change in the economy , though the support is now on science and technology in the country .This will have a high impact .
Spain, after the collapse of 2008, saw a rise in the levels of personal debt. Although the public debt stood at 60% of the GDP, the problem was due to foreign exposure of private debt. Spanish banks were relying heavily on whole sale finance from abroad. Portugal had a large current account deficit and external debt which was fuelled by private sector borrowing. Greece, Portugal and Ireland were the worst hit whereas Spain & Italy were considered fiscally vulnerable economies.
Early signs of trouble Reviewing the company’s performance in 2010 and 2011, although it gained handsome profits, there are obvious some early signs of trouble which are needed to be emphasized. The financial turmoil in Europe, together with changes in consumer buying behavior, leads to an unfavorable situation for Louis Vuitton. Also, too much reliance on automated manufacturing process might dilute brand image. The spread of the counterfeited products can also undermine the brand value. Weakening demand in Europe market Although the largest luxury goods market is in Europe, which constituted 37% shares of the total luxury market in 2011, the demand has decreased due to recession.
Expanded cuts in social insurance what's more, training spending plans have been proceeding as of 2014. Economic scene Item market liberalization is on track furthermore, constrained rivalry has been presented in the vitality, power furthermore, information transfers markets. Interest rates on corporate credits in Spain are among the most noteworthy in the Euro range, which makes it troublesome for firms to renegotiate their credits. The high rates are brought on by deleveraging at Spanish bank as endeavors to shore up asset reports are creating lower credit endorse. The unemployment rate is: - 26.7% GDP (PPP):- $1.4 trillion
Secular Stagnation Famously introduced by Alvin Hansen in a Presidential Address in 1938, secular stagnation fears were revived by macroeconomists following sluggish growth in advanced economies since 2008. The causes, still being debated in the field, point to two instigators: chronic low demand argued by Summers or a loss in potential output supported by Gordon. The American economy has not grown at a sustainable pace over the last 25 years. The dot.com bubble supported growth in the 1990s then tumbled the economy between 2001 and 2004 after which the housing bubble took the reins until the financial crisis in 2009. Since then and with interests at their lower zero bound, growth has been sluggish.
it’s a very competitive market so building a new market and make it strong is really hard so the threat of new entry that would affect Tesco performance is low. • Intensity of competitive rivalry The intensity of competitive rivalry in the market that Tesco performs in is very high, Tesco has many strong direct competitors that compete on prices products.. Inflation returned to the grocery market after more than two years of falling costs, Tesco reported a raise in sales in Christmas period and stole the light from its competitors, Tesco sales grew 1.3 percent compares to Morrison’s whose sale were up 1.20 and Asda who had a decrease of 2.4 percent as well as Sainsbury whose sales fell 0.1 percent. • Bargaining power of buyers The bargaining power of Tesco customer’s is quite high , switching cost is very low and it’s easy for customers from one brand to another so maintaining consumers is hard . • Bargaining power of suppliers For Tesco , bargaining power of suppliers is low , the suppliers of UK major food retailers have fear of losing their commercial contracts and business with major Uk retailers therefore they make positive agreements to get products as low price as possible
Unemployment particularly amongst the youth can be described as the mother of all social evils, because in many cases it is a source of crimes, homelessness, frustration, loss of confidence, drug addiction and family tension (Qayyum,2007). Apart from these social troubles youth unemployment also has certain negative impacts on the economy. It is an obvious observation that the consumption expenditures for the young people are much higher than the old people. In more technical words it can be said that marginal propensity to consume for the youth is relatively large than the old ones .So a larger proportion of young unemployed persons having zero earnings adversely affect the aggregate consumption in the economy. When the aggregate consumption falls the investment incentives for the investors also gets reduced.
To sum up, although Albania recently has had an economic growth it is still one of the countries with the highest rate of unemployment. This rate has been changing over years and certainly, it has been reducing. In 2009 this rate was 12.5%. it is not a low level, but anyway is the lowest level Albania has ever had in the last 10 years. This value matches the inflation rate which was 3.4% in 2009.
This data has been published by the Cedefop. It was also published that those people who graduated after the year 2008 are twice more vulnerable to be overqualified as compared to those who graduated in 1991-2000. And also 26% of the EU adult employees have a high degree of the skills deficits and hence they are not efficient in their jobs(EPALE, 2016) The term of overqualification has come into picture due to economic slowdown especially in those countries where unemployment rate is quite high. There are drawbacks of overqualification for both the organization and the employees and in same way it also has benefits for the organization as well as the employees. ( Erdogan Berrin etal, 2011:215) “Overqualification is a situation where the individual has the surplus skills, knowledge, abilities, education, experience and other qualification that are not required or utilized on the job.” ( Erdogan Berrin etal, 2011:217).
Last 2012-2013, there is an increase in the unemployment rate of the Philippines despite the country’s economic growth. Cerda (2013) states that the country’s robust economic growth failed to offset figures in the jobless rate as unemployment rose to 7.5 percent in April from last year’s 6.9 percent. The National Statistics Office (NSO) reported that Philippine employment dipped to 37.82 million in April 2013 from the 37.84 million in April 2012. Also, the National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) said that the country 's unemployment rate increased