Newton's Law Of Universal Gravitation

Introduction:

I’ve always wondered, when starring up into the sky at night, what lies beyond what our human eye can see. I was told when I was small that there are millions of other planets just like the Earth high in the sky. It has always fascinated me on how the Universe functions. How are the distance between different planets being kept? And how is the universe the way it is? When I was introduced to Newton’s Law of universal gravitation, I was extremely excited and interested in studying further and use the law to investigate the universe. So, when I was given a choice of doing my Physics IA in any topics we want, I immediately choose to investigate Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation. I didn’t just want to do something small, like

Galileo Galilei, showed that gravitational acceleration is constant for all object, which proved Aristotle’s belief of heavier objects have more gravitational attraction than lighter objects. Galileo believed that objects with less weight falls slower cause of air resistance, not because of less gravitational attraction. Galileo’s work in the formation of Newton’s theory of gravity. Newton’s theory on universal gravitation was first seen in the book Principia which he published in 1687. In the book, he quoted:

“I deduced that the forces which keep the planets in their orbits must be reciprocally as the squares of their distances from the centres about which they revolve: and thereby compared the force requisite to keep the Moon in its orbit with the force of gravity at the surface of the Earth; and found them answer pretty nearly.”

The Theory achieved great success in predicting the existence of Neptune based on the motions of Uranus. Newton’s Law of universal gravitation extends gravity beyond earth. It is about the universality of gravity. Gravitation is universal, all objects attract each other with a force of gravitational

It is a gas giant, 96% of its volume is hydrogen. Saturn has been known since prehistoric times. Greek god Saturn was named after the planet, and ancient Chinese and Japanese culture named Saturn the “earth star”, one of the five elements of nature. Observations of Saturn from a telescope was first discovered by Galileo in 1610, with a 15mm diameter telescope. First photograph of the planet was in September 1979, by Pioneer 11, launched by NASA. I chose Saturn because it was a planet that interested me. Since I was small, I was fascinated in space. When I saw the different planets in the solar system, I was very into Saturn. It looked different, it had a ring around the planet. Back then, I did not know what the ring was, but I thought it was very different from others. Therefore, in this IA, I chose to do my research on Saturn and its satellite moons.

Data Collection and Analysis

The following data on the different planets and moons are from Wikipedia, I went on the Wikipedia page on each different planet and moon in order to get the data and organized into the following two tables. I used data of Saturn, and the 7 major satellites of