Unmanned Airplane Research Paper
FAA DESIGNATION
Unmanned Aircraft have been adopted by Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to describe aircraft systems without a pilot onboard. More common names include UAV, Drone, Remotely Piloted Vehicle (RPV), Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA), Remotely Operated Aircraft (ROA). These limited size vehicles, flown for recreational and sport purposes are generally flown under voluntary safety standards of the Academy of Model Aeronautics. User must obtain a Certificate of Authorization (COA) to fly unmanned Aircraft for non-recreational purposes. A typical UAS consists of the:
• unmanned aircraft (UA)
• control system, such as Ground Control Station (GCS) • control link, a specialized data link
• Other related support equipment.
The FAA's
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A pressure difference is produced between the rear and forward surface of the propeller blade and air is accelerated behind the blade.
Elementary Theory of Propellers:
Geometry of the propeller:
• Propeller Disc:
The propeller disc is the circular area traced out by the rotating propeller blades.
• Blade section: Each blade of the propeller is an airfoil shape, and its section is an airfoil section, usually highly cambered. The shape, size of the blade section may vary along the span of the blade.
Ox- Direction of motion of the axis of the propeller.
Oy- Instantaneous direction of motion of the blade section relative to axis.
FIG 3.5- Cross section of a Propeller
• Blade chord: The line OA represents the chord of the blade section.
• Blade angle: The Blade angle is defined as the angle between the Blade chord and the axis Oy.
FIG 3.6- Propeller Parameters
• Pitch: The corresponding advance of the blade for one given revolution is called the pitch of the Blade section.
Pitch =2∏r tan Ө
Where, r = radius at the given section. Ө = blade angle. (Ө varies with r, and so also does the
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It contributed to a radical improvement in flight safety. The reduction in the operating cost was partly due to improvement in speed and partly due to ability to build bigger aircraft. The mass and size advantages of gas turbine engines were first demonstrated on turbojets. However for medium speed, the turbine engines were used to drive the propeller in a turboprop engine. The turboprop is characterized by high efficiency, but is limited in flight speed and also requires a gear box to be used. The gear box is required to reduce the tip speed of the
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