Urban Heat Island Literature Review
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
This chapter contains literature review of previous studies related to the issues dealt with in this thesis. The first section explains the urban heat island phenomenon and significant findings from urban heat island studies. The second section discusses the studies on relation between urban land use and urban heat island. The third section explains impact of urban heat island to energy demand and significant studies on temperature and electricity demand.
2.1 Urban Heat Island
Urbanization changes the basic surface energy balance processes of shortwave and long wave radiation exchange, latent, sensible, and conductive heat flows (T.R. Oke, 1987). The surface albedo of cities is significantly lower than natural
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The atmospheric urban heat island presents at all times of the day and night, but small or nonexistent during day but more intense at night. The atmospheric urban heat island can be further divided into two types, (1) Canopy layer urban heat islands (CLUHI), which exist from the ground to below the tops of trees and roofs; and (2) Boundary layer urban heat islands (BLUHI), which starts from the rooftop and treetop level and extend up to 1.5 km of the atmosphere (EPA, 2008; Oke, 1982). Brown et al. (2004) in their study used both ground based and remote sensing measurement in Oklahoma City to identify UHI effect. Different routes have been traced from urban to rural counterparts to calculate Urban Canopy Layer heat island variation in this study. Using ASTER surface kinetic temperature (AST_08) imagery, significantly warmer skin temperature in urban areas as compared to non-urban areas was found during the …show more content…
Earlier studies (Carlson et al., 1981; Vukovich, 1983) indicate the relation between surface temperature distribution and land use features like parks, water bodies, buildings etc. Balling & Brazel (1988) in their study of Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan area found that surface temperature patterns were directly related to residential, commercial, and industrial coverage and indirectly related to the coverage in the vacant land category. The residential and commercial areas appeared 2°C warmer than surrounding vacant land in the summer afternoon. The temperature difference between industrial and vacant was found to be 5°C. Roth et al. (1989) in their study conclude that the day time rural-urban and intra-urban variability of surface temperature are highest in warm season. The study has also shown that the relationship between land use and surface temperature is much stronger that air temperature during day
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