VARK Learning Styles Theory

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2.1 Introduction to Mathematics

Mathematics is a group of related sciences, including algebra, geometry, and calculus, concerned with the number, quantity, shape, and space and their interrelationships by using a specialized notation.

Mathematics helps us to strengthen our left brain. As we knew, left brain thinking is more to verbal and analytical. In general, left brain hemisphere is dominant into language, which mean left brain is used to process what we hear and handle most of the speaking. Rather than that, left brain also in charge of carrying out logic and exact mathematical computations. Based on the research by Dr. Flordeliza P. Ferrer (2015), it is stated that “it may be recalled from the earlier discussions that LBD learners …show more content…

Even though this theory was created for almost three decades, it is still widely used around the world for its effectiveness and precision.

2.3 Fleming’s VAK/ VARK Learning Style Theory

The VARK instrument defines the learning preference based on the sensory modality in which a student prefers to take in new information. The three major sensory modalities are visual (V), aural (A), and kinesthetic (K), which are collectively known as VAK. Fleming expanded this classification system to VARK to include read-write (R, a mixed sensory modality that is not assessed under VAK) (Loulwa Mohammed Saad Al-Saud, 2012)

The VARK inventory can be divided into four different categories. Each categories of VARK have different benefits to every learner. The description of each of categories can be defined as: a) Visual Learners Visual learners process information best if they can see it. Graphs, flow charts, and pictures are helpful to them. (Vanessa Marcy, …show more content…

Thus, a theoretical framework is the application of a theory, or a set of concepts drawn from one and the same theory, to offer an explanation of an event, or shed some light on a particular phenomenon or research problem. A conceptual framework may be defined as an end result of bringing together a number of related concepts to explain or predict a given event, or give a broader understanding of the phenomenon of interest – or simply, of a research problem. (Sitwala Imenda, 2014).

2.5.1 Dependent Variable
Dependent variables are variable that need to depend on other variable. It gives the values that result from the independent variables. The dependent variable in this research is mathematics achievement for diploma student in UniKL MITEC.

2.5.2 Independent Variable
Independent variables are the factors or causes that will affect the dependent variable. The output from dependent variable relies on the input of independent variable. The independent variable in this research is type of learning styles by Neil Fleming. These four factors can be defined as early theory to determine the mathematics achievement of Diploma Students in UniKL MITEC which is represent dependent variable in this

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