Validity In Research
Terminology Definitions
Directions: Define and provide examples of descriptive and inferential statistics and reliability and validity in research. .6 point for each definition and .6 point for each example.
1. Reliability
Reliability is defined as “the consistency or constancy of a measuring instrument” (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014). An example of reliability in research would be weighing a person five times on the same scale and receiving consistent weighs each time.
2. Validity
Validity is defined as “determination of whether a measurement instrument actually measures what it is purported to measure” (LoBiondo- Wood & Haber, 2014). An example of validity is weighing a person five times on the same scale and receiving the exact weigh each
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Content validity
Content validity is defined as “the degree to which the content of the measure represents the universe of content, or the domain of a given behavior” (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014). An example is when an assessment tool is designed to measure depression in patients. All the questions on the test are yielded towards depression. This ensures that the content represents depression.
5. Concurrent validity
Concurrent validity is defined as “the degree of correlation of two measures of the same concept that are administered at the same time” (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014). An example is that a group of people take an old test that measured depression. The same group then took a new test about depression. If the results are similar then there is a concurrent validity.
6. Construct validity
Construct validity is defined as “the extent to which an instrument is said to measure a theoretical construct or trait” (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014). An example of construct validity is when a doctor test the effectiveness of pain medication on cancer patients by having them rate their pain daily.
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Night nurses fill out a questionnaire about how residents slept that night. When the residents awake, they fill would the same questionnaire based on their perception. The percentage of agreement is then determined.
13. Descriptive statistics
Descriptive statistics is defined as “statistical methods used to describe and summarize sample data” (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014). An example is taking blood pressure readings take from the same measurement tool and finding the mean, the medium, and the mode. 14. Inferential statistics
Inferential statistics is defined as “procedures that combine mathematical processes and logic to test hypotheses about a population with the help of sample data” (LoBiondo-Wood & Haber, 2014). Study to find out if a new blood pressure medication was effective in lowering blood pressure. Researchers can review blood pressure readings and make an educated guess about whether the medication would be effective. 15. Nominal
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