Valosartan Case Study

What additional medications can improve outcomes in a patient like Bill who has stable angina?

If one-day pinto bean seedlings are soaked in a water solution, 1% NaCl solution, and 3% NaCl solution, the seedlings exposed to higher sodium concentrations will have decreased cellular respiration rates.

For SIM lab, I was the primary RN. I received bedside SBAR report about my patient. My patient was admitted with “indigestion” and back pain. When I was doing my assessment, my patient denied any pain, but suddenly, she started complaining of back pain 6/10. The tech took her V/S while the charge nurse and I were figuring out what interventions or orders to use for my patient’s back pain. Her BP and HR were elevated, and I did not have any PRN order for antihypertensive drug whatsoever. She was desaturating, thus I titrated the O2 from 2 L to 6 L, her O2 went back to baseline. However. My patient stated that her pain was increasing and asked me if she could have the same med that was given previously in the ED (sublingual nitro) for her back

The patient is a 53 year old male who presented to the ED via EMS intoxicated and reporting suicidal thoughts. The patient denies homicidal ideations and symptoms of psychosis. The patient endorses depressive symptoms including: tearfulness, isolation, and insomnia.

There are certain medications to help treat a congestive heart failure. A few of the medications include ACE Inhibitors (Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors). These help to open up arteries that have narrowed to allow better blood flow. If a patient cannot tolerate ACE inhibitors medication, vasodilators are also an option (Macon B.).

Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN): GTN Sublingual 300-600 mg or GTN Spray 400-800 mg is given if systolic blood pressure is greater than 90 mm of hg. (NSW Health 2012:20). Glyceryl Trinitrate acts on vascular smooth muscles and dilate arteries and veins. Vasodilatation results in the reduction of venous return which also reduces the work load of the heart and oxygen demand. GTN sublingual tablet or spray can be repeated every 5 minute for maximum of 3 doses. Regular monitoring of vital signs is important because GTN can cause Hypotension. (College of Nursing, 2015:24).

Why did dizziness accompany his angina? The Dizziness could come from drinking the alcohol. The dizziness also could be from the nitroglycerin because it is one of the side effects from

Metoprolol tartrate is a beta-blocker that lowers blood pressure by inhibiting the hormone renin in the blood, thus lowering blood pressure. According to research treating hypertension in the African American race is difficult, therefore, a combination of medication is used. In the case of Mr. Larsen, he is treated with metoprolol, in addition with spironolactone, a diuretic commonly used with an antihypertensive to alter blood pressure. Alteration in blood pressure for a prolong time can decrease cardiac output causing damaged to the

Pharmacologic treatments for diastolic heart failure and systolic heart failure are similar in the fact they both should include an ACEI, an ARB, beta blocker, and a diuretic. The following dosages and instructions are available for both heart failures. For ACEI, the treatment should be initiated at low dosages and slowly titrated upward if the patient tolerates them. Captopril should be taken by mouth on an empty stomach (at least 1 hour before meals) usually two to three times a day starting at 6.25 mg initially then increasing to 50 mg three times a day. If a patient is unable to tolerate an ACEI, an ARB would be beneficial because they do not create the same reaction. Losartan (ARB) should be taken by mouth usually once daily with or without food between 25-50 mg then increased to 50-100 mg once a day. (Burcham 521). Adding a beta blocker, such as Metoprolol, can slow progression of heart failure and prolong survival. Metoprolol should be taken by mouth, with or right after a meal, 100 mg and one to three times a day. To reduce your risk of side effects, this medication should start at a low dose and gradually increase. This drug should not be stopped suddenly. A diuretic should only be used if there is an increase in fluid intake. Furosemide is a loop diuretic that prevents the body from absorbing excess salt. This medication should initially be taken every six to eight hours for 20 to 80 mg per dose. (Burcham

Epidemiological studies have recognized a strong association between hypertension and CAD. (Rosendoroff 1373). .Beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, and ace inhibitors are used in both diseases. Heart rate, preload, afterload, and contractility determines the demand for cardiac oxygen. (Burchum 581). Beta blockers reduce the demand for cardiac oxygen by causing a reduction in afterload, contractility and heart rate. They also increase oxygen supply and reduce angina pain. Beta blockers suppress reflex tachycardia and decrease renin release enabling the decrease of blood pressure. Common side effects for beta blockers are bradycardia, drowsiness, fatigue, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Calcium channel blockers method of action is to prevent calcium ions from entering cells in order to treat effects on the heart and blood vessels. (Burchum 485). The intended outcome is to relax the coronary artery spasm and increase cardiac oxygen supply resulting in the decrease in afterload and contractility. (Burchum 588). Calcium channel blockers may cause constipation, dizziness, facial flushing, headache and edema. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors prevent the formation of angiotensin II leading to the decrease in blood pressure. (Burchum 509). ACE inhibitors reduce blood volume and prevent changes in the heart and blood vessels.

As an RCP, there is a great amount of use for this drug. Verapamil can save many people’s lives and would allow them to make it through a day without any problems when they have heart problems such as angina or hypertension. Verapamil medications block the activity of calcium into the muscle cells of the coronary and since calcium triggers contraction of muscles, blocking activity of calcium relaxes the muscles that surround the arteries. This activation allows arteries to become relaxed and would allow more blood flow. Verapamil is useful in treating and preventing chest pains which were caused from contraction of the coronary arteries that reduces the flow of blood to the heart. Relaxing muscles in the arteries in the body lowers blood pressure and reduces the pressure against the heart. As a result, the heart is allowed to work less and requires less oxygen-carrying blood. Verapamil also decreases the conduction of electrical impulses through the heart that control the coordination of contraction (which creates the spasms) (Verapamil, Calan, Verelan, Isoptin: Drug Facts, Side Effects and Dosing. (n.d.). Retrieved July 19, 2015.)

Beta Blockers are beta-adrenergic blocking agents. They are medications that reduce your blood pressure. Beta blockers work by blocking the effects of the hormone adrenaline and noradrenaline. When a person with hypertension takes a beta blocker, the heart beats more slowly and with less force, reducing the blood pressure. The heart contains beta 1 cells and the lungs contain beta 2 cells. Beta Blockers block all beta cells and need to be taken with cautious because they can block the lungs giving the patients a greater risk of bronchospasm. If those receptors are blocked, the patient can not broncho dilate as easily. Caffeine can affect those with asthma. Caffeine is a drug similar to theophylline. Theophylline is a bronchodilator drug that

As people at present time become aware of blood pressure and its significance, ways of treating the complications associated with any disorder in regards to blood pressure, hypertension and hypotension, have been commonly known and mainly dependent on how a patient responses to his doctors directions, and weather the patient is precisely taking after what has been said to him. Doctors usually give either instructions or prescriptions in order to help their patient be treated; right after recognizing his condition and identifying causes that lead to take it in by diagnosing.

It is inevitable that a dentist will encounter patients that have systemic problems. One of which will be cardiovascular complications . It is therefore important that a dentist understand these disease and know how to manage individual’s as related to the care that a dentist plans to render in relationship to the therapy protocol that their physicians have mandated.

The internal standard method allows a very accurate analysis to be performed, since the behaviour of the species of interest is compared to that of a known substance which is present in a specified amount. It is usual to include an identical volume or mass of the internal standard into each prepared standard. This facilitates easier calculations of the composition of the