Introduction Energy Efficiency has become one of the important factors to consider in designing chemical processes due to the trending energy prices, limited fossil fuel resources and strict environmental regulations being applied worldwide. It has become important to increase processing energy efficiency in order to improve overall production economics of existing plants and new designs as well. (1),me. Heat integration and optimization is a reliable method for energy conservation and energy efficiency. It uses heat sources and sinks in the plant within the plant and utilizes it to the maximum thus reducing external cooling and heating with the relevant cost and emissions.
Chevron (CVX) has pulled up impressively from its 52-week lows that it had hit in late August, appreciating almost 30% in less than three months. The pick-up in Chevron’s stock price of late can be attributed to marked improvement in oil prices in the past three months. However, of late, oil prices have started faltering on the back of different reasons ranging from an increase in stockpiles to a strong dollar. In fact, looking ahead, it is likely that oil prices will remain under pressure in the short run, and this could weigh on Chevron’s stock price. Let’s see why.
As per a CNBC report: “On shore oil production in the U.S. is declining. The decline in the rig counts is having an effect. While U.S. weekly production estimates from the Energy Information Administration have been declining from about 9.6 million barrels per day in May and June to 9.1 million barrels per day last week, something else happened; U.S. Gulf of Mexico production increased by over 200,000 barrels per day, meaning the effect of the lower rig count on oil production may be more significant than one might
Source: Goldcorp As shown above, Cerro Negro’s AISC decreased 8%, while Eleonore registered a whopping 41% decline in its AISC sequentially in the last quarter. As a result of these cost reductions, Goldcorp has been able to improve its cash flow performance. In fact, the company posted free cash flow of $243 million in the last-reported quarter. This compares to a negative $357 million in free cash flow in the year-ago period, as evident in the chart given above, which is even more impressive if we consider that Goldcorp managed this despite weak gold pricing. Looking ahead, I believe that Goldcorp will be able to achieve further cost reductions as a part of its operating for excellence initiative, and this will help the company improve its fundamental performance even if gold prices are low.
Vibratory ball milling is more efficient than the ordinary milling process (Sun and Cheng, 2002). The energy requirements during comminution depend on the biomass characteristics and final desired particle size. However, higher energy consumptions in comminution compared to theoretical
In economics, the Jevons paradox is the proposition that as technology progresses, the increase in efficiency with which a resource is used tends to increase (rather than decrease) the rate of consumption of that resource. In simpler words, technology improvements result in higher efficiency, which we expect to lead to less consumption. Jevons suggests that it is actually the opposite. ( WIKI ) Basically, in the 19th century, Jevons observed that an increase in the efficiency of using coal to produce energy tended to increase its consumption, (rather than reduce it). This was because the cheaper price of coal-produced energy encouraged people to find innovative new ways to consume energy.
Michael Porter (1985) first suggested the concept of value chain to illustrate how value adds along a chain of activities, which leads to an end product or service. The goal of this analysis is to identify activities that are a source of cost or differentiation advantage and to identify those that could yield to the firms/projects competitive advantage, thereby helping to create products or services at a price which the customers are willing to pay for. Porter distinguishes between two sets of activities. Activities that are directly associated with the creation or delivery of a product or service are termed primary activities and support activities are those that are linked to each primary activity that aims to improve its efficiency and effectiveness.
Supply chain management is a vast area. This chapter will emphasize the aspects of customer service and distribution i.e. a very important element in supply chain management, and how these are interrelated. The chapter is structured as follows: Section 1.1 gives an introduction to the term supply chain, Section 1.2 explain the objectives of a supply chain, Section 1.3 describes the decision phases of supply chain, Section 1.4 treats some important issues of Supply chain management, Section 1.5 highlights about Customer satisfaction, Section 1.6 contain some definitions of supply chain, Section 1.7 highlighting the role of distributors in supply chain, whereas Section 1.8 deals with the value of distribution in supply
Its disadvantage is that building and maintaining a wind farm can be cost. If manufacturing equipment and constructing a plant interest rates charged are high, then a customer will have to pay more for that energy. "One study found that if wind plants were financed on the same terms as gas plants, their cost would drop by nearly 40%." Luckily, the additional facilities constructed, the cheaper wind energy will be (Conserve, 2015). 4.
For example, apparel (64.4%) and coke and petroleum products (54.7%) have high rate of growth in fixed capital and in publishing and printing (32.0%) and motor vehicles (31.8%) but to lesser extent. The rise in the fixed capital was low in important industries such as basic metals (12.4%) and machinery and equipment (12.9%). The gross value added (GVA) in the manufacturing sector increased by 17 per cent during 1991‐92 to 2006‐07. In the second phase (1996‐97 to 2000‐01 the GVA growth declined to 1.9 per cent and in the subsequent period (2001‐02 to 2006‐07) the growth rate was restored to 16.8 per cent per