For example, If 2.24L of oxygen gas at STP has given, then it can be easily conclude that the volume would contain one tenth of the mole of oxygen gas. That is, total number of 6.022 x 1022 molecules of oxygen will be present. CONSEQUENCES OF AVOGADRO'S LAW There are a few important consequences of Avogadro's law The molar volume of all ideal gases at 1 atm pressure and 0°C is 22.4 L the volume increases. the amount of gas increases, only If temperature and pressure of a gas are constant when the volume decreases and amount of gas decreases, If pressure and temperature of a gas are constant. The fallowing graph shows the relationship between mass (n) and volume (v) as shown in Avogadro's Law.
al. [12] are among the most accurate equations especially in the range of low and moderate values of void fraction. Both of these correlations are based on drift flux. The general form of void fraction correlations based on drift flux is: α= ρux/(C_o ρu[x+ρ_sv/ρ_ml (1-x) ]+ρ_sv V_j ) Where, Co and Vj are respectively the distribution parameter and the drift velocity. The relations given by Rouhani et.
Basically it says that the properties of HEAs cannot just be taken from averaging the properties of the constituting elements. There will also be some effects on the properties from the interaction between different elements and phases as well as from the lattice distortion effect, which at first may seem unintuitive. This cocktail effect then gives many possibilities for materials with different properties. 1.2 Phase and Crystal Structure The phases are classified according to their structure (simple/complex) and ordering (ordered/disordered). A phase is said to be simple if its structure is identical to or derived from FCC, BCC or HCP structures.
Eq. (4) The standard potential gives us access to the standard Gibbs free energy of a electrochemical reaction. As the Gibbs free energy is related to enthalpy and to entropy through the following
The electrical model is similar to Figure 2.7. As an effect of hydration, the dissolved ion creates a cluster together with the surrounded water molecules. The cluster then accumulated at the surface of the electrodes. When the charges inside the cluster aligned, it works like one plate of the capacitor. Water dipole act as dielectric material and a double layer capacitance form in the electrode-electrolyte interface [12][21].
The first-principles approaches mainly based on the Hartree-Fock approach, the DFT approach etc. The Hartree-Fock self consistent method is one-electron approximation in which the motion of each electron in the effective field of the other electrons is governed by a one electron Schrdinger equation [9]. In the Hartree-Fock approximation, the antisymmetric product of one-electron wave functions is used i.e it takes into account of the corre- lation arising due to electrons of same spin, however, the motion of the opposite spin remains uncorrelated [10, 11, 12]. In density funtional theory (DFT), the exchange- correlation is expressed as a functional of the electron density and the electronic states are solved for self-consistency as in the Hartree-Fock approximation. The exchange-correlation potential includes the exchange interaction arising from the antisymmetry of the wave functions and the dynamic correlation effect arising due 3to the Coulomb repulsion between the electrons.
Problems related to reflection of plane waves under the effects of initial stress, magnetic field and voids in homogenous and isotropic free surface have applications in many fields like Geophysics, Geology, Optics, Earthquake engineering and geography. Abd-Alla and AlDawy [1] investigated the reflection phenomena of SV Waves in a generalized thermo elastic medium. Ibrahim et al. [2] discussed the effects of voids and rotation on P wave in a thermoelastic half-space under Green-Naghdi theory. Nunziato and Cowin [3] proposed a nonlinear theory of elastic materials with voids.
Among the various components, electrostatic interactions are of special importance because of their long range and their influence on polar or charged molecules. Continuum model for polar and non-polar solvation generally attempts to solve the electrostatics in dielectric medium. For this purpose, the electrostatic interaction, dispersion energy and repulsion energy of four vitamins in ten different solvents are evaluated by PCM. These quantities typically converge quickly during a
k must make up all other factors that affect the size of the force of air resistance acting on the object. Therefore it would depend on the size and shape of the object as well as the density of the medium it is traveling through (Eg. Air or water). Missing table of velovities value in with air resistance and without. Acceleration with and without.
In Dielectric materials these band are separated by a large energy gap and all the electrons resides in the valence band. When the electron is given the energy equal to its band gap then the electron will conduct electricity. A strong electric field is capable of providing so much energy that the electrons in the dielectric substance are shifted to then valence band once the electron get in the conduction band it conducts electricity and we can say that a break down has occurred in the insulating dielectric material because now it is conducting