Variation Orders In Construction
Construction projects always are subjected to changes due to any factors in terms of scope of work, material quantities, design errors and unit rate changes. The changes on the construction project seem like an evil that makes the work delays, time overrun and also cost overrun. However, variation order does not really an evil but it is some necessary which is needed in construction projects.
This report covers the introduction to the variation order in basic knowledge, causes and impacts of variation order towards construction projects. Besides that, the necessary of the variation orders in construction projects will also be discussed to understand the needs of variation orders. All the information and ideas regarding variation orders is
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To identify the causes and impacts of variation orders in construction projects
3. To identify the necessary of the variation orders to be allowed in construction projects Chapter 2.0 Literature Review
This chapter will introduce the variation orders which include introduction of variation orders, causes of variation orders and impacts of variation orders against the construction project to show the understanding on the basic concept of variation orders in construction industry. Book reading, articles, journals and some researches are studied to gain the idea regarding to the variation orders.
2.1 Variation Orders (VO) in construction work
Variation orders are common to be occurred in all types of construction works. It plays an important role in determining the final cost and time of a project. (Sunday, O. A., 2010) Variation order involves a changes of the original job scope which has been stated in contract such as adding or omitting works, increasing or decreasing the quantity of works, changing the character or quality of any material or work, and so on. (Aftab Hameed Memon, Ismail Abdul Rahman and Mohamad Faris Abul Hasan, 2014) It was found that the major problem faced in the construction project by Malaysia’s construction industries is the issue of the variation order occurring during the construction phase. (Ibb et al, 2001) In 2005, there was about 417 government contract projects in Malaysia were delayed more than 3 months or abandoned due to variation orders.
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The causes can be categorized into consultant related, owner related, and contractor related. (Sunday, O. A., 2010)
2.2.1 Consultant related
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