Variation Theory Literature Review

In order to make their learning and assessment ongoing and not episodic, I develop an appropriate curriculum, planning lessons to meet students' learning needs and using inferences about student progress to inform my teaching. I make lessons and assessments a linked series of activities undertaken over time, so that progress is directed towards the intended course goals and the achievement of relevant

“The science of attention teaches us that we tend to pay attention to what we have been taught to value and that we tend to be astonishingly blind to change until something disrupts our pattern and makes us see what has been invisible before.” Page 243 Common sense to dictate that people will acknowledge problems before it occurs. You would think that people will be able to understand the outcome before it happens but that is not true. In part four of Cathy Davidson’s, “Now You See it”, she emphasize the importance of working with other people to help us to see what we are missing. In discussion of attention blindness, it is very difficult for a person alone to develop ingenious idea of solution to a problem because that person may only see the scope of a bigger picture.

Simply concentrating has become hard to do. “The deep reading that used to come naturally has became a struggle.” (Carr 731) Carr feels as so his mind is being influenced by the technological advancements. Even as a writer he still struggles reading a book, because of the lack of concentration he now has.

“What behind your eyes holds more power than what in front of them,” Gary Zukav a four time consecutive New York Times Best Seller once said. In other words, each situation has multiple different views because as humans we choose what we want to see. The continuous or subconscious decision to see or not see something is directly influenced by one 's sense and surrounds affects what someone understands. This comprehension of what happening is commonly known as perception. Since perception can either impede or enhance a situation either way it is better to look at the positive side of things.

There are five different types of learning theories, behaviorism, cognitivism, humanism, social learning, or constructivism. All of them propose various ways through which learning is realized. However, there is no single set of learning theory, which if followed to the latter can grant a tutor a perfect outcome in the classroom. For many years, the study of learning has resulted in heated debates. It has been at the center of educational psychology.

Figure 1 is a summary of the students’ learning throughout the learning segment. I administrated this test as a pre-assessment prior to the lesson one and administered it again after the completion of lesson 3. This test is a compilation of students’ learning and it demonstration how they met the standards and objectives that were set out for them to achieve. The evaluation criteria in which this assessment and all other assessment in the individual lessons did was not altered. Even though the students have different learning needs, the assessment met all of the needs for all learners.

Each lesson includes pre-instructional strategies, content presentation, learner participation, an assessment, and follow through activities. Instructional Theories and

However, I think it becomes evident that those in the center are in focus and the ones

Moreover, without knowing their students’ strengths and weaknesses, teachers could not effectively teach their students. Pedro Noguera (2003) came to a similar conclusion that to engage urban students, teachers should change their teaching to fit the learning style and needs of their students. He further explained that in order for teachers to do that, they need to connect the content to the students’ culture and interest and use that as a teaching tool (Noguera,

This essay explains how to develop learning, teaching and assessment strategies to support the student to achieve a successful outcome. Cassidy & Kreitne (2009) defines learning styles as a range of contested and competing theories that account for variations in a person 's’ education. There are three main learning styles, the visual learners, auditory and kinesthetic learners. Visual learners mainly learn through seeing. They exhibit visual skills that are demonstrated in writing, reading, painting, sketching, manipulating images, fixing, interpreting visual images, have a good sense of direction and also create visual analogies and metaphors.

This essay will discuss the statement by William James, “-whilst part of what we perceive comes through our senses but another part (and it may be the larger part) always comes out of our head.” (James, 1890). This excerpt relates to the topic of perception, which can be defined as the acquisition and processing of sensory information to see, hear, taste, or feel objects, whilst guiding an organism’s actions with respect to those objects (Sekuler & Blake, 2002). Every theory of perception begins with the question of what features of the surrounding environment can be apprehended through direct pickup (Runeson et al. 2000). Is it only vague elemental cues that are available, and development and expansion through cognitive processes is required

Critical Essay 2 Norma Liendo Teaching English as a Second Language Teaching today has become a very interesting job for soon-to-be or current teachers due to the high culture diversity in their classrooms. Teacher not only have to be well prepared to present quality education but also to be able to accommodate for all the students needs regardless of origin, color or race. The important point is not teaching different children but due to their different backgrounds they learn differently; thus, the teachers now need to become aware of the students’ cultures in their classroom as soon as possible. These different learning styles should make the teacher knowledgeable that he/she might have to embark on a journey to explore the students’ cultures and embrace them because at the end of the day

Differentiation, with respect to instruction, means tailoring it to meet individual needs of the students. Teachers can differentiate content, process, products, or the learning environment, the use of ongoing assessment and flexible grouping makes this a successful approach to instruction. Teachers differentiate the four classroom elements based on student readiness, interest, or learning profile. (Tomlinson 2000). Differentiated instruction can be known as an organizing framework in teaching and learning which calls for a major restructuring in the classroom and syllabus, if done in the proper way, its benefits will transgress the costs.

Schools are the second place after home where students’ behavior and future educational success are shaped. At schools there are many elements or factors that can influence the teaching and learning process that may take place. Rasyid (2012) stated that there are four perennial truths that make the teaching and learning process possible to take place in the classroom. If one of these is not available, there will be no teaching and learning process, though the learning process itself may still take place, they are: (1) Teacher, (2) Students, (3) Material and (4) Context of time and place. All of them are related to one another.

It is my goal to make sure students are not just memorizing facts, but are actually understanding. They should be able to take the lesson and apply it to other areas of their lives. I believe students need to be assessed frequently and routinely. The students need accurate and effective feedback, so they can make any necessary adjustments.