Vasco da Gama, born in Portugal, was a prominent Portuguese explorer during his lifetime spanning the late 1460s to early 1500s (Romey). Da Gama voyaged around Europe and Africa, eventually becoming the first European to reach India by sea (Gibbens). After successfully completing the 24,000-mile journey in 1498, da Gama was instructed by Portuguese king Manuel I to return to India to harass the Muslim shipping industry that had monopolized the spice trade. Da Gama took a fleet of 20 ships, and among them was Esmeralda. This ship was captained by da Gama's uncle, Vincent Sodré, and was one of five ships left behind in India to protect Portuguese factories. With no immediate oversight, Sodré took advantage of his free reign to seize and loot Arab ships. In an unfortunate turn of events, though, Esmeralda perished in deep waters in the Arabian Sea during an intense storm in May 1503, bringing its crew and looted treasures along with it (Romey). Esmeralda's route from Europe to India is referred to as the Carreira da India, and was at …show more content…
The device is raised with the alidade to determine the degree measurement of the sun's position from the horizon when it is highest in the sky. In addition to this measurement, a reference star that is visible when the sun rises in the morning must be known. The intersection of these two data points can be found in the rules book and gives the current latitude (Morgan).
In 2014, archaeologists discovered a copper disk by the Esmeralda, and thought that it may be an astrolabe (Gibbens). Figure 4 shows what the astrolabe looked like when it was first catalogued. Mearns knew it was a valuable object, since it had the Portuguese royal coat of arms and an armillary sphere imprinted on it. However, there was too much corrosion to determine with absolute certainty that it was an astrolabe, as no navigational markings were visible
The 15th century was the start of many voyages and the popular use of ships for trade, traveling, and exploration. Columbus, de Gama, and Zheng He, were all leaders Zheng He was the first major ocean voyager in the 15th century. He led seven expeditions, through the Indian ocean using over 300 massive boats called “treasure ships”. Though, unlike many others in his time, he was not an explorer.
China and Portugal held most of the global power with the Black Death, navigation and slave trade being the critical turning points in 1200-1800. China was a major global power based on the amount of territory it held, its advanced technology, and efficient trade system. The Song dynasty, 960-1279, were the first to use a monetized economy using silver coins and paper money which was revolutionizing since they no longer had to carry around heavy gold where they went. Song dynasty trade was at the top with high demand for their exotic products that the Europeans were slowly becoming more and more dependent on, “export of manufactured goods (silks, porcelain, books) and import of raw materials (spices, minerals, horses)”. Under the rule of the Mongols, 1279-1368, China’s territory expanded through rapid conquest from the east to the banks of the black sea.
She became interested in the sky and the stars at an early age. William Mitchell, an amateur astronomer himself, opened the doors and introduced Maria to the endless realms of astronomy available to explore. He taught her to use the sextant and the reflecting telescope, to enable her to discover and venture for information by watching the stars. It was Maria’s early start in the field of astronomy that prepared her for the biggest discovery of her life. She and her father would go up to the roof every night.
On his first trip, he took three widely known ships, the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. On all of his trips, he crossed the Atlantic Ocean to get to the Bahamas and the Caribbean Islands. On the first trip, he left behind 40 crew members on a Caribbean island in March of 1493, and went back home. In August of 1493, they came back and everyone and everything had been destroyed. He gathered items and left again, leaving his brothers, half of the ship's crew, and hundreds of slaves that he brought from home.
As mentioned before, Vasco da Gama established trading ports along the East African coast to participate in trade in the Indian Ocean Basin, in efforts to avoid the Arabs. Like da Gama, Columbus set sail to find direct trade routes with India; in Columbus’s efforts to find India, he miscalculated and landed in the Bahamas, unintentionally opening another door for colonization. Nonetheless, these events would not have happened if it were not for the
Vasco de Gama impacted the indigenous people of Africa. On the first expedition they spent 4 months out on sea before reaching a bay called St Helena Bay which Vasco de Gama named which was after a Religious Mother of Constantine the Great. When they stopped on land to make repairs, look for water, and check their position they make their first encounter with the Khoikhoi. They come to a misunderstanding and Khoikhoi throw spears which wounded Vasco in the thigh. Which then the battered ships came in three days later and Vasco starts to trade with the people.
In the book, A Long Walk to Water, a universal theme presents itself when the reader realizes that perseverance and hope will get you through the worst of times. Nya and Salva, the main characters, have to go through terrible journeys through the desert of Sudan, for water and for freedom. When war comes to Salva’s home land, he is forced out of Village and forced out of his home country, in order to achieve freedom. After years of walking and living in refugee camps, Salva found a family in America. Although, Salva didn’t stay there for long.
During the 15th and 16th centuries, leaders of a few European nations sent expeditions out in the hope that explorers would find great wealth and vast undiscovered lands. The Portuguese were the earliest participants in this “Age of Discovery.” Starting in about 1420, Portuguese ships sailed the African coast, carrying spices, gold, slaves and other goods from Africa and Asia to Europe.
The 16th century Spanish explorer, Hernando De Soto arrived in the west indies as a young man and made money in slave trade. Seeking glory and riches, he left on a major expedition in 1538 to conquer Florida for Spain. He and his men traveled throughout the southeastern united states in search of money. In 1541, De Soto became the first Europeans to cross the Mississippi river. De Soto died early the following year.
Shortly thereafter, Felipa passed away. Diego then moved to Spain where he later became father to Fernando with a lady named Beatriz Enriquez de Araro. Columbus, still interested in maritime voyages, began to ponder a different way to reach India and
Did you know that Annie Cannon was able to classify around a thousand stars a day during the peak of her career? This paper will be focusing on the life, career, and legacy of Annie Jump Cannon. Annie Jump Cannon was hired by Edward Pickering, and she worked as “Pickering’s assistant at the Harvard College Observatory” (1). After that, she was credited with coming up with an easy system that divided the stars into seven spectral classes. The spectral classes were as follows: O, B, A, F, G, K, M. Annie Jump Cannon’s career ended after forty years, but her work paved the way for women in the scientific community and continues to inspire fellow female scientists.
In 1445, he sent a navigator named Alvise da Cadamosto on an expedition in west Africa in 1456. He sailed up The Gambia River to the Gene River and tried to trade with the Africans, but did not succeed. In 1458, Henry The Navigator sent Diogo Gomes on an expedition that reached Cape Palmas. Henry The Navigator died the same year the expedition returned in 1460. Portugal had become a strong sea coping nation with extraordinary income from sea trading routes because of Henry The Navigator.
The journey to self discovery is not an ordinary feat. I like to think that there is something more tangible and yet intangible about reaching the apex of one’s conscious existence. Disillusionment with the preconceived ideals of life, usually pressed by the surrounding society is what usually drives people to leave, quit, and embark on a journey to hopefully discover the spiritual cogs to their lives. I chose to explore this thread of bildungsromane in order to find more clarity in the midst of the droning “white noise” surrounding our lives. Mundane societal roles and muses may seem to dull the initial sparkle of dreams or even insulate the fears of the larger question of the universal “Why am I here?”
Humanity’s aspiration to understand the stars and what’s beyond has driven humans to develop technology suited to studying space. The first evidence of this innovation comes with the earliest surviving lunar calendar dating back to 23,000 B.C. Progressing to 3,000 B.C., the ancient Egyptians calculated a calendar year by utilizing the knowledge gained from observing the star Sirius. In 1,000 B.C., Indian and Babylonian astronomers calculated a year’s length to be 360 days; however, the Egyptians later calculated a more accurate year’s length to 365.25 days. Almost four hundred years later, the first documented meteor shower was written by record-keepers of China’s Zhou Dynasty.
Siddhartha Gautama discovered the middle path through failure. In his quest for enlightenment, dissatisfied with the meditations and paths of others, he turned to starvation as a means for enlightenment. It was only after years of asceticism when Gautama realized that living in a deprived state brought him nothing but deprivation. Thus, he turned to a life of simple moderation—neither indulgence nor asceticism. According to Gautama, if the suffering of one’s body distracts them from the well being of their soul, enlightenment is unobtainable.