ipl-logo

Vertical Distribution Essay

1359 Words6 Pages

ABSTRACT
The vertical distribution from 1m above the ground and 20-22m above ground for the canopy of the fruit-feeding butterflies will be studying at Borneo Height, Sarawak by using baited trap. A single rope technique will be using during the sampling day. Furthermore, study of vertical distribution of fruit-feeding butterflies in the complex tropical rainforest is important to understanding butterfly diversity and thus, determining butterflies responses towards forest disturbance.
Keywords: Vertical distribution, canopy, fruit-feeding butterflies, baited trap.

1.0 INTRODUCTION
Lowland tropical forests are widespread wilderness region with unknown life forms. However, due to human activities the habitat fragments become degraded. As stated by Bowles et, al. (1998), because of tropical rainforest are being damaged faster, the organisms …show more content…

As a result, 665 numbers of individuals were caught (84 from canopy and 581 from understory) and these representing 49 species of family Nymphalidae. From that result, 5 unique to the canopy, 20 unique to the understory, and 24 shared species.
Other than that, a study by Mandi et al (2011) was conducted at Gunung Gading National Park Lundu, Sarawak with two different elevations which are upper and lower. This study took around four days of the sampling period in order to observe the distribution of the butterflies. In addition, the researchers want to identify the dominant and rare species of the butterflies. The methods used were aerial net and baited trap.
According to Asmaa (2013), a total of 279 individuals from 33 species and four subfamilies were counted. This study is about the vertical stratification of fruit-feeding butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in a secondary forest UNIMAS, Kota Samarahan by using 10 baited

Show More
Related

  • Big Bend National Park Persuasive Speech

    825 Words  | 4 Pages

    Such Wildlife include  450 species of birds, 75 species of mammals, 56 species of reptiles, and 11 species of amphibians.  These wildlife such as the Yucca moth are essential to the ecosystem of the park as the Yucca Moths will lay larvae within the seed pods of Yucca Blossoms. The Yucca seedpod contains over 100 seeds and the larvae only consume a few seeds however in the process the larvae pollinate the seed and allows the Yucca to bear fruit. However Yucca Moths are not the only pollinator within the park.  European and domestic bees are large contributors to the park and vital pollinators and honey producers; they provide 80% of the pollination required by agricultural crops in the United States, and one-third of our diet comes from crops pollinated by honey

    Read More

  • Monarch Butterfly Research Paper

    690 Words  | 3 Pages

    Meosha Robinson 　　　ISBL 　　　10/22/2015 　　　 Monarch Butterfly Decline 　　　 The monarch butterfly, scientifically referred to as danaus plexippus, is an extremely popular insect among North America. This insect is highly popular, not because it is beneficial to human existence but because it has the most distinctive migration pattern on top of its physical attributes that catch the human eye. The monarch butterfly has been recorded to travel over 2000 miles in order to get to their summer breeding ground (Oberhauser, 2004).

    Read More

  • The Australian Honeybee Collapse

    245 Words  | 1 Pages

    This project was chosen to investigate the decline of the honeybee and the impact on Australian agriculture. The honeybee decline is interconnected with environmental sustainability with key environmental challenges threatening the future of the honeybee and the industry of beekeeping. Some of these factors such as land degradation, limited water availability, loss of plant biodiversity, climate change, pests and pesticides loss of public lands such as National Parks, State forests and reserves, all impact on the sustainability and ecosystems which the honeybee depends and likewise, the ecosystems depend on the honeybee. With the disappearance of land to urbanisation and government restrictions on access to public lands some 70% of Australian

    Read More

  • Fiddler Crab Case Study Answers

    720 Words  | 3 Pages

    The species richness is 7. b. Species n n/N ^2 Plodia interpunctella 4 0.04 0.0016 Abrenthia cuprea 26 0.26 0.0676 Achatia distincta 21 0.21 0.0441 Acronicta acristrigatus 9 0.09 0.0081 Agonopteris dimorphella 20 0.20 0.0400 Epimartyria pardella 12 0.12 0.0144 Heliomata cycladata 8 0.08 0.0064 Total 100(N) 0.1822 Simpson’s index of diversity= 1-Spi^2 = 1-0.1822 = 0.817 c. The Epimartyria pardella is a species of moth that was first found in Oregon and north-western California in the late 1800s (Wikipedia).

    Read More

  • Peppered Moth Lab Report

    168 Words  | 1 Pages

    The lighter forest is great for the lighter moths which also helps them survive, so they can reproduce their species because they

    Read More

  • Deforestation In The Florida Everglades

    585 Words  | 3 Pages

    The government has passed many conservation policies to protect animals, eco-systems, plants and trees itself and indigenous people’s way of life, but many of these policies get overlooked and require a lot of extra work. How it affects the rest of the world- This action is permanent, and all of the world is targeted as a potential setting for deforestation. It is predicted that the continuing action may result in very few rainforest across the entire globe. Cutting trees can also be harmful to our ozone layer, which protects earth from dangerous radiation.

    Read More

  • Monarch Butterfly Extinction

    460 Words  | 2 Pages

    The Monarch butterfly is a insect that and is currently facing the problem of ,but it can be solved by . The Monarch butterfly is a very special insect .Because Monarch butterflies need milkweed plants to lay their eggs.

    Read More

  • Geography Quiz

    882 Words  | 4 Pages

    10. Describe and explain the distribution of the following biomes: Tropical rainforest, monsoon rainforest, tropical savannah, desert, temperate deciduous and high altitude and latitude tundra, including

    Read More

  • Toulmin Model Argument About The Environment

    1354 Words  | 6 Pages

    According to Nebel and Wright, “four basic principles are essential for achieving a sustainable ecosystem, the goal of the environmental movement. They are: (1) recycling elements in order to dispose of wastes and replenish nutrients; (2) using solar energy; (3) maintaining the size of consumer populations to prevent overgrazing; and (4) maintaining biodiversity.” An ecological emergency can happen when any of these domains are settled with compromise. While people are destroying the tropical rainforests, they don’t realize that they are destroying 40% of the world’s supply of oxygen. 40 million acres of tropical rainforest are being lost annually to deforestation and humans destroying the Earth.

    Read More

  • Predator-Prey Lab Report

    1347 Words  | 6 Pages

    At the conclusion of each of the three trials, the number of caterpillars that showed peck marks was tallied. The average of the three trials revealed that 0.67 out of 8 patterned caterpillars had been pecked and 2.67 out of 8 of the solid colored caterpillars showed signs of avian predation (Figure 1). The average rate of avian predation for the three trials was 8.3% for the patterned caterpillars and 33.3% for the solid colored caterpillars. The number of patterned caterpillars pecked was less than the number of solid colored caterpillars pecked for all three trials. It was observed that there were no adhesive issues, weather related damage, or interference from tree

    Read More

  • The Negative Effects Of Reforestation

    3362 Words  | 14 Pages

    Introduction: Description: Deforestation is defined as the permanent destruction of forests in order to make land available for other uses. According to the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO) 18 million acres of forest are lost each year. This equals to approximately 36 football fields of forest being cleared each minute. Though deforestation occurs all over the world, it’s the tropical forests which are being particularly targeted. Due to this countries such as Indonesia, Brazil, the Democratic republic of Congo and Thailand have a very

    Read More

  • Deforestation In Tropical Rainforests

    911 Words  | 4 Pages

    Deforestation results in the loss of biodiversity Deforestation is having its most devastating effect on biodiversity in tropical rainforests. The destruction of millions of hectares of forests by human activities means: • The removal of the bases of numerous food webs • The loss of habitats for many species of flora and

    Read More

  • Informative Essay: Natural Causes Of Global Warming

    1008 Words  | 5 Pages

    Without the transpiration of trees, deforested areas become drier. Changes in weather and shelter cause deforested areas to undergo a tremendous loss of biodiversity. The scientist hasn’t even come close to testing 1% of the plants in the tropical rainforests for medicinal use, but they regularly discover species that are helpful to us the people. But, these forests and their potential benefits are looking like they may disappear by the end of this century if we don’t stop

    Read More

  • Deforestation Effects

    871 Words  | 4 Pages

    When animals lose their habitat (Anadiplosis), they are not accustomed to their new surroundings and could potentially go extinct. Species depend on forests to survive and when the forests are cut down, the animals have nothing left. Forests are heavily depended on for resources and ways of life. The Pachamama Alliance Organization claims that, “the tropical rainforests of South America are responsible for 20% of earth’s oxygen.” This proves the earth relies greatly on forests and may suffer consequences because of the speedy rate trees are being cut

    Read More

  • Probability Distribution Case Study

    1603 Words  | 7 Pages

    Why we use Probability Distribution: Some uses of probability distribution are as follows: Scenario Analysis Probability distributions can be used to create scenario analyses. A scenario analysis uses probability distributions to create several, theoretically distinct possibilities for the outcome of a particular course of action or future event.

    Read More

More about Vertical Distribution Essay

Open Document