Purpose: As Vibrio cholerae is one of the major causes of death in the developing world, though it is very well understood, the authors undertook the work to see if a method already relatively common to the area could be effective in reducing cholera outbreaks. The authors objectives were to find a simple method that could be used without much training to reduce the incidence of cholera.
Hypothesis: The authors’ hypothesis was that if a commonly used and simple water filtration system was used to lower the amount of the waterborne copepods that are linked with Vibrio cholerae from surface water taken for daily use, the occurrence of cholera would decrease dramatically.
Background: The scientific community already knows much about the bacteria that causes cholera, V. cholerae, and methods to prevent outbreaks of cholera. Scientists also know that V. cholerae sticks to larger copepods’ eggs, oral region, and the copepod itself. These V. cholerae carrying copepods are often found in the drinking water of many communities, especially in Bangladesh, where the experiment took place. The authors also knew from a previous experiment, albeit on a much smaller scale, that they conducted that a cotton sari folded
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Caused by a bacteria called Vibrio cholerae the waterborne illness causes extreme diarrhea that leads to dehydration, and, if left untreated, death within a matter of hours. Even more cause for worry stems from the fact that, as cholera suffers shed so much diarrhea that it often ends up in the water supply and infects even more people, continuing the cycle. As a disease that affect children and the elderly most severely, its effects can devastate whole communities as it normally appears after some type of disaster. For example, after the 2010 earthquake destroyed most of Haiti, cholera also broke out, exacerbated by the infrastructure breakdown, low access to clean water, and inaccessibility of medical
Entire town populations were desicrated. Ten million deaths roughly. A recent outbreak occured in the 20th century in the 1960's and 70's during the Vietnam war. As of 2008, a case of a 16 year old boy was confirmed to have the plague and was in the Sarharan
Being able to identify unknown microbes from systematic testing is what makes the field of microbiology so important, especially in infectious disease control. Using the testing procedure laid out by the microbiology field we are able to identify unknown bacteria present in our everyday lives, and along the way learn a lot about their characteristics that separate them from other types of bacteria. Being able to do this is vital in order for us to understand why microbes are present in certain places, how they are able to grow and what restricts their growth, that way they can be combatted if necessary. These techniques for determining unknowns are also important for isolating and testing infectious disease microbes in order to prevent spreading. Another important aspect of being able to identify unknown microbes is the
Describe a problem you 've solved or a problem you 'd like to solve. It can be an intellectual challenge, a research query, an ethical dilemma-anything that is of personal importance, no matter the scale. Explain its significance to you and what steps you took or could be taken to identify a solution. In The Great Influenza, Barry states that one must “accept uncertainty”.
Conditions for the small country worsened as a devastating earthquake struck Haiti in 2010, and over 300,000 people were killed, and 1.5 million were displaced, leaving them homeless. Just months after the earthquake hit, Haiti experienced the worst cholera outbreak in recent history, killing thousands, and infecting more than 6% of the population (Cook). Despite efforts from humanitarians and charities around the world, things never seemed to get better as access to clean drinking water and safe shelter became scarce. As the environment became virtually uninhabitable, many Haitians came to the United States, seeking asylum, and an opportunity to better the lives for themselves and their
1. The Great Famine was when it caused millions of deaths due to severe weather. Storms brought rain which ruined the wheat, crops, oat which people and animals almost everywhere depended to live. It’s impact on the medieval society was that more people were getting diesease as they wouldn't take in a lot of calories especially for the young kids, and the elderly. Working people, not eating much had less energy which meant lower productivity, output and higher grain prices since the amount was decreasing.
Smallpox is a highly contagious and fatal disease that had a huge impact on the human population. It is thought to have been originated from India or Egypt at least 3,000 years ago. Smallpox is caused by two variations of the variola virus, variola major and variola minor. Variola major is the most common form of smallpox. It enters the body through the lungs and is carried to the internal organs.
The Bubonic Plague, also known as the Black death is a disease that ravaged Europe in the 14th century. The disease seemed incurable and spread like wildfire. The effects were devastating as roughly one third of Europe’s population is thought to have been lost along with countless Jewish people as the subject of blame. The origin of the Bubonic Plague was Central Asia but it made its way to Europe through trade ships. Fleas, the source of the disease, were on the rats carried over by these ships.
INTRODUCTION Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) is one of the most important agents in the prevention of hospital acquired infections or what we termed nosocomial infections. IPC channels every member of the hospital, which includes, healthcare providers (HCP), patients and the hospitals perse. It is important to practice IPC commandment to every hospital as well as community. The Palestinian Ministry of Health (MOH) adopted the national IPC protocol.
How has the Philadelphia yellow fever epidemic of 1793 change history? An appalling contagious outbreak impacted the colossal city of America and its country’s capital. In the summer of 1793 the weather was brutally humid and mild. Therefore, this infectious disease has initiated in August and is known to be terminated approximately few months later in November. This disease has commenced by mosquitoes and caused a massive amount of deaths.
The medical world has changed rapidly over the past few decades. We have solutions to diseases that weren’t even diagnosable before. Although we have tried our best to destroy illness, some diseases have been around since the beginning of time and are incurable. An example of this type of disease is Malaria. We’ve seen symptoms of malaria since The Ancient Egyptian ( around 1500 bc ) and The Ancient Greek times (around 413 B.C ).
The “The Ghost Map” is a book written by Steven Johnson. In the book, the author explains to us why urban planning is necessary to prevent deadly diseases, such as the deadly cholera outbreak. In 1854, Cholera seized London with incredible force. A capital of more than 2 million people, London had just become as a one of the first modern cities in the society. But lacking the foundation necessary to sustain its dense population - garbage extraction, clean water sources, sewer systems - the city has grown to be the ideal breeding ground for a terrifying epidemic no one understands how to cure.
Understanding How the Haitian Earthquake of 2010 Affected the Number Orphans and How We Can Help Have you thought about a natural disaster that happened years ago, leaving no effect on you at all? Why would you have a reason to? The effects of an earthquake that happened five years ago have probably been solved by now. Right? But unfortunately, the people of Haiti are still struggling and dying because of the earthquake that occurred five years ago.
Women are more likely to be sick and have smaller babies that would die earlier, resulting in high levels of infant mortality. In areas where chronic hunger is a problem the communities are in a vicious cycle of malnutrition and death. Effects also include vulnerability to common illness, more than two million children die every year from dehydration caused by diarrhea. Malnourished children often lacks the strength to survive a severe case of diarrhea.
DIARRHEA Definition and Overview Diarrhea is a medical condition where the patient has at least three loose or liquid bowel movements a day. It is one of the most common diseases experienced by any age group, and is especially common in children. The most significant complication of diarrhea is dehydration. Dehydration is a condition resulting from massive loss of body water and electrolytes. When diarrhea ensues, body fluid and electrolytes are eliminated by the body before they are adequately absorbed.
Malaria is the most common disease in third world countries with a tropical climate; the disease is caused by a parasite called Plasmodium, which is transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes. In the human body, the parasites multiply in the liver, and then infect red blood cells. Symptoms of malaria include fever, headache, and vomiting, and usually appear between 10 and 15 days after the mosquito bite. If not treated, malaria can quickly become life-threatening by disrupting the blood supply to vital organs. In many parts of the world, the parasites have developed resistance to a number of malaria medicines.