Victor Vroom's Expectancy Theory Of Motivation Analysis

ARTICLE 1: VICTOR VROOM’S EXPECTANCY THEORY OF MOTIVATION
This article provides a critical analysis of Victor Vroom’s expectancy theory of motivation. It provides a comprehensive review of the factors affecting employee motivation, the relationship between Instrumentality (I), Expectancy (E) and Valence (V), nature, characteristics as well as the merits of the theory.
FINDINGS: Vroom’s expectancy theory is an important process theory of motivation which states that an employee’s motivation to do a job depends on his/her expectancy or outcome from doing it. The level of employee motivation depends on the value that employees give to work outcomes.
There are 4 factors that affect motivation:
1. Individual effort
2. Personal goals
3. Individual

It provides a clear distinction between lower level and higher level needs. The existence needs are associated with basic needs of food, water, safety, etc. Relatedness needs are the need for love and social relationships and acceptance. Growth needs refer to the need of self esteem, self growth and development, need for esteem and self actualization. Although Alderfer’s theory is closely related to Maslow’s need hierarchy theory, it does not state that there is a particular order in which needs have to be fulfilled. The importance of a need is calculated on the basis of how it is

It also criticizes Maslow’s hierarchy of needs by claiming that his study was conducted a long time ago and is not dynamic.
ARTICLE 6: MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
This article provides a comprehensive view of Maslow’s work motivation theory. It analyses all the basic needs of employees in an organization and ranks them in a specific order.
REVIEW: Maslow developed a need hierarchy theory in the year 1943 which states that people are sometimes motivated to fulfil certain needs not based on their desires or the expected rewards, but due to certain motivation systems. He also stated that as one need is fulfilled, another need takes its place, and hence human needs are recurring in nature. The basic need hierarchy model constituted of 5 basic needs which are :
1. Physiological needs- need for food, water, etc
2. Safety needs- need for law and order, security, etc
3. Social needs- need for love, respect, etc
4. Esteem needs- need for self respect, independence, etc
5. Self actualization needs- need for creativity, self fulfilment, realization of true potential l,