Virginia Military Institute Case Study
The Virginia Military Institute (VMI) was founded in 1839 as an all-male institution. VMI used an adversarial style method of training and there was no equal educational opportunity equal to VMI afforded to women in the state. VMI is a state-supported college and subject to the state of Virginia’s legislative control.
By the mid-1970’s VMI was the only single-sex public college in Virginia.
In 1990 the United States sued the State of Virginia and VMI in District Court alleging that VMI’s all male admission policy violated the equal protection clause of the Constitution’s Fourteenth Amendment.
The District Court rejected the equal protection challenge claiming VMI’s all-male institution brought diversity to Virginia’s otherwise coeducational
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In response to the Fourth Circuit’s decision, the State of Virginia proposed to create the Virginia Women’s Institute for Leadership (VWIL) as a parallel program for women. In 1994, the District Court ruled that VMI’s proposal of the VWIL met the requirements of the equal protection clause by offering a substantively comparable educational …show more content…
VIRGINIA et al
In the case of United States v. Virginia, et al. the question before the Supreme Court was whether the Virginia Military Institute’s (VMI) male only admissions policy violated the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause. The Equal Protection Clause provides that no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction “the equal protection of the laws”.
VMI had a 150-year history as an all-male state-supported college. Its mission was to produce citizen-soldiers who would be prepared for both civilian life and military service, yet this “mission” was not mandated by the State of Virginia. Even though VMI had a long-standing tradition in the State of Virginia with it’s all male, high stress school, that fact alone does not make it equal under the Fourteenth Amendment. Indirectly, VMI asserted that women were not equal, but inferior, to men, by assuming a female could not successfully complete the same high stress, rigorous educational experience. VMI had over 300 women apply to the school over the years, but they were never given an opportunity to
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Case Study Mississippi University For Women By Joe Hogan
72 Words | 1 Pages: In the year of 1979 in the state of Mississippi, Joe Hogan was denied admission into a single-sex education establishment called the Mississippi University for Women due to his gender. Hogan claims that MUW’s women-only policy violates the Fourteenth Amendment which holds the equal protection clause. MUW states that their policy has shown to have logical reasoning for its existence and claims to have no violation of his equal protection rights.
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422 Words | 2 PagesVirginia. This landmark civil rights decision of the United States Supreme Court used the fourteenth Amendment to negate the previous laws forbidding interracial marriages. Mildred and Richard Loving pleaded guilty at a hearing in a Virginia state court in 1959, for disobeying Section 20-58 of the Virginia state code, which made it illegal for a “white” person and a “colored” person to return as man and wife after leaving the state to be married. The determined punishment, for violation of said law, was imprisonment in the state penitentiary for one to five years. The Lovings were sentenced to one year in jail, although it was suspended on the condition that the couple leave the state immediately and not return for 25 years.
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418 Words | 2 PagesLast summer, I was afforded the opportunity to take a three-day class on Title IX in Intercollegiate Athletics hosted by a former employee of the Office of Civil Rights, Ms. Valerie Bonnette. The class opened my eyes to the basic fundamentals of Title IX, key issues on college campuses and what I could do to make an immediate impact on the campus of Hampton University. The class broke down the understanding of the three prong test and with the recent additions of Women’s Soccer and Men’s Lacrosse. In addition to understanding Title IX’s effects on scholarships, budget, facilities and most importantly female student-athletes.
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