Volunteer Theory

In his theory, Bandura assumes that people learn from one another, via observation, and imitation and modeling. The reciprocal determinism not only posits that people learn from others through others’ behaviors, attitudes and outcomes of those behaviors, but it also indicates the interacting mutual influences of the person, the environment and the behavior. According to reciprocal determinism, the environment affects the person and the behavior; the person also affects the environment and the behavior; also the behavior affects the other two. Observation learning and is the process influencing learning,

3.1) Theories of Behaviour Management Behaviour management is a tool, a system, generates learning environment to encourage positive behaviour and minimise the opportunity for negative conduct to occur. It is like modifying and change learner's action in a positive manner where the primary focus lies on maintaining order. Many theorists presented their views in their research work on the understanding of the nature of the behaviour BILL ROGER is an education consultant and author present his work on behaviour management, discipline, effective teaching, and stress management etc. and also lectures widely covers the topic to both the learner and the teacher for the challenges facing in leadership in educational premises. Bill Roger recommended

Bandura’s Social Learning Theory Albert Bandura’s (1997) social learning theory states that people learn from their interactions with others. It says that people learn from watching each other or by imitation. There are three types of Bandura’s social learning theory: observational learning, imitation, and behavior modeling (Bruner, 1990; Wood, Bruner, & Ross, 1976). Bandura’s social learning theory says that humans cannot learn for themselves, thus they have to control the variables in their surroundings to influence their own learning (Bandura, 1999). By this information above, we can see that we are both learners and copies of the observed action.

Why Do We Stereotype? Stereotypes are a set of beliefs and generalisations that someone may hold about a particular group of people however, they are not necessarily truthful or reflect reality. There have been several approaches which attempt to explain why we stereotype. There are both evolutionary and social psychological explanations for why we stereotype, which I will be comparing in this essay. Why is it important that we understand why we stereotype- help us reduce prejudice The first theory I will be discussing is the evolutionary theory.

The process involves four major steps: attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation. In a classroom setting, students with externalizing behaviour observe their peers’ habits and can model those habits to reflect theirs. They also examine the effect of Observational Learning Theory and imply that social interaction as advocated by educational philosophers Piaget and Vygotsky assist students with externalizing behaviours not only learn from their peers but also, they can learn through interaction in the learning environment. They further suggest when students with externalizing behavior are given the opportunity to teach their fellow students they may acquire a sense of belonging, responsibility, and pride. Vygosky’s Zone of Proximal Development using principles of the guided learning theory asserts that students learn

Bandura argues that a personality influences and causes a person to behave in a certain way. However Bandura furthermore went on to realize that not only does the environment cause behavior, but that a behavior can also cause the environment as well. Bandura labeled this concept reciprocal determinism. The Social Learning approach (here and after to be mentioned as SLA) proposes that psychological processes; that is our ability to entertain imagery and the use of language in our minds, plays a vital role in developing our

The model, which is an updated version with more detailed extensions of self-regulated learning components, includes two broad areas which are motivation and learning strategies. The motivation construct fits into the concept of precaution phase in the self-regulation cycle established by Zimmerman (1998) , in which precaution phase indicates the influential processes and beliefs, such as task analysis and self-motivational beliefs, before efforts are put into learning stage. Expectancy refers to students ' belief in the finishing point of a task, and includes two subcomponents, student view of self-efficacy and control belief for learning. Value, showing the reason for a student to involve in a task, is measured based on three subscales such are intrinsic goal orientation, extrinsic goal orientation, and task value beliefs. Furthermore extrinsic goals are about one 's engagement in a task due to outside rewards or benefits, such as grades or approval from others.

Another perspective proposes that stereotypes are biased perceptions of social contexts. People use stereotypes as shortcuts to know their social contexts, therefore people understand their world less cognitively demanding. -Social categorization: In the following situations, the comprehensive purpose of stereotyping is for people to use positive light and put their collective self (their ingroup membership) in this positive light. 1-when explaining social events by stereotypes. 2-when justifying activities of one 's ingroup to another group (outgroup) by stereotypes.

Bandura’s theory concentrates on how individuals view the behaviour of others and immediately learn and develop new conducts, the Social Learning Theory demonstrates reasons for people imitating those behaviours. The Social Learning Theory explains individual’s imitating behaviours through the process of modeling. There are three core concepts of SLT, first is the idea of individuals learning through observation, second is the individual’s mental state and lastly is the fact that learning does not necessarily mean change in behaviour. Moreover, there are three models under observation which include “a live model that involves an individual demonstrating or acting out a behaviour, a verbal instruction model that has descriptions and explanations of behaviour and symbolic model that

In learning of behaviour, people learn from one another by how they behave and looking at their attitudes towards others (Meyer et al, 2008). Human behaviour is learnt by viewing across modelling. Through this people grab ideas of how they should behave and they learn it. Modelling has important surroundings which are attention, retention, reproduction and motivation. Attention is components that increase or lower concentration given, retention is not forgetting what you have concentrated on which includes mental functioning, reproduction is the ability to duplicate the image and motivation is being driven and having purpose (Anon, 2016).