Molecular Biology's Role In Forensic Science

The physical evidences are gathered at any crime scene, for example, hair, fibre, blood, fingerprints, footwear, bare-footprints, tire impressions and any fracture

The case indicates that some bodies had undergone decomposition leaving skeletons while another was partially decomposed. It is not possible to prove the identity of the victims without the use of forensic biology, and in particular DNA matching. Matching DNA profiles of the crime victims with DNA profiles of people who have lost their loved ones under mysterious circumstances will help in establishing or excluding paternal relationship, and thus the identity of the victims (Kayser, 2017). It is highly possible that the crime scene contains DNA samples of the person who committed the

CRISPR stands for “clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats.” It can quickly twist most of the genes in any plant or animal. CRISPR and many other tools are being used in many ways, such as changing the base of nucleotide. Also, scientists called this technology “genetic cut-and-paste technology” so that it turn genes on and off. Therefore, Genetic engineering have both advantages and consequences.

It is extremely difficult as we think of it as the biological principal code. But Lennox emphasizes that to think of DNA as a straightforward code that simply gets translated into biological structure is very much an oversimplification. Science is learning that DNA, and its relationship to proteins, is much more interesting and complicated than this. Lennox describes some of the relevant issues. Science is learning about the ability of genes to switch on or off.

Introduction This paper will explain how the evidence obtained during the investigation was legally obtained and used in this case by law enforcement investigators. In this paper it will discuss the crime scene investigation, steps and strategies involved in this investigation, the interview of all involved with the case and counter defenses to suppress the evidence by the defense. Reflections

This is a hi-tech USB Pregnancy Test Kit that requires woman to pee on a stick, similar to other home pregnancy tests; and then, uncap the other end which is a plug-in USB connector and insert it into one USB port of home computer and see the reading. Now new test kits are available to reveal how far along the pregnancy is. The Clearblue Advanced Pregnancy Test with Weeks Estimator, made available in 2013 reads: “Pregnant,” and a list 1-2, 2-3 or 3+ to indicate weeks of

In fact, any attempt to do so requires a very good understanding of the biology of the brain. Traditionally, the two disciplines most relevant to the biological psychologist have been neuroanatomy (the study of neural architecture of various brain regions together with mapping the route that connects them) and neurophysiology (the study of how neurons generate action potentials and neural information). However, in the last few decades the study of brain function has grown rapidly and attracted experts from many other fields, including biochemistry, molecular biology, genetics, pharmacology, and computer technology. Not all scientists working in this field should be interested in behavior, although their findings may sometimes be of interest to those working in the field of biological psychology. Thus, in recent years, psychologists interested in brain had been acquainted with many other areas of biological science that lies outside the traditional domain of anatomy, physiology and

The main special case to this is identical twins. Scientific researchers in forensic cases can use DNA profiles to recognize criminals. A DNA profile is similar to a genetic unique fingerprint. Get data sheet: DNA profiling The outcomes from DNA profiles may be used as a part of court.

In recent years, a crime scene investigation is becoming more complex and sophisticated, thanks to the advancement of science and technology, now there are many more resources for research, which is why Forensic Anthropology has also changed and has come a long way in assisting medical and legal specialists in identifying unidentified human or not human remains. Anthropology is a science that has many subfields. One of them is Physical Anthropology, and Forensic Anthropology is a practical application of this subfield, that “specializes in the identification of human skeletal remains for legal purposes” . According to the American Board of Forensic Anthropology (ABFA), “Forensic anthropology is the application of the science of physical or biological anthropology to the legal process. Physical or biological anthropologists who specialize in forensics primarily focus their studies on the human skeleton”.

What influence does the height at which simulated blood is dropped have on the size of the blood spatter? Police use many different scientific techniques to solve crimes such a murder cases. They dust for fingerprints, use special lights to look for blood, use chemicals to find out what mysterious substances are, and sample DNA. And in addition to figuring out who did it, they have to figure out how he did it. And to do that, they often use a technique called blood spatter analysis.

Next one microliter of DNA was mixed with one microliter of loading dye using a pipettor and loaded into the well. The same mixing process was completed for the PCR product, using one microliter of PRC product and one microliter of loading dye. For the purposes of this experiment, the DNA product was loaded into well six and the PCR product was loaded into well seven. Initially DNA was loaded into well five, however gel was pierced so samples were moved one well to the right. The gel was run at 100 V for one hour.

They explain the intense process of sexual assault kits. Through “a collection of blood, urine, hair, and any other body secretion samples” that take place, the victim is considered fully scanned (Burkey, Bensel, Walker 54). Once collected DNA along with any other evidence, gets put into the exam, it is sent off to a crime lab. This step in the process is where faults take place resulting in sexual offenders not being charged or ever brought to justice. A practice that should only take a few weeks, ends up taking many months or even longer.

However, if reference genome is not available, denovo assembly will be performed to combine the overlapped reads to longer pieces, called contigs. Two classic algorithms used for denovo assembly are overlap graphs and de brujin graphs (26). Assembly errors could be reduced by adjusting the parameters of denovo assembly, such as K-mer (word size), bubble size, length fraction and similarity fractions when mapping reads back to contigs. Highly repetitive sequences are another challenge for denovo assembly as genomic assembler cannot differentiate two reads with similar repetitive pattern (26). N50, maximum length and average coverage are also essential factors to be evaluated for assembly

Bloodstains were also recovered from Laura’s mattress and other pillowcase through the use of the chemicals Ameeto Black and Luminol. The amount of blood found indicated to investigators that she had been murdered. In 1991, scientists at the Department of Forensic Medicine, Bern, Switzerland investigated if “Some of the commonly used presumptive test reagents for identification of blood and semen could potentially affect the recovery of intact high-molecular-weight de- oxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from evidentiary samples. Thus, the capability of performing restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis on evidentiary samples could be compromised.”

What is the term for the random arrangement of homologous pairs of chromosomes during the first division of meiosis? Independent Assortment 5. What role does the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) play in producing a DNA Profile? PCR amplifies the regions of DNA with short tandem repeats and uses primers with fluorescent labels. This works by replicating the region of DNA several times.