Indeed, instances of hybrid language where people do not use what could be described as the “correct” puristic grammar or orthography can still be considered a legitimate and as a reflection that language is not an engraved entity, but is a social construction constantly evolving. Moreover, this issue is to be framed within the larger issue of minority language revitalization and purism, where puristic attitudes promote the revival of a language as close as possible to how it was once spoken, even though actual practices of the community of speaker might refuse to abide by the prescriptive discourses of institutions. Yet, one should be deceived to think that all these linguistic accommodations go unsanctioned in the community, this reminds us of the comments made about translations, where attempts at translating Walloon into French entailed risks of criticism. A notable difference when considering the prescriptive norms is the speakers’ tendency to embrace a constructive approach (x). Indeed, the majority of the prescriptive debates aim at the improvement of each other knowledge, whereas the criticism of translation was limited to derogatory and unhelpful remarks.
In addition, Professor Porter critiques how a distinct Indigenous ideas of Indigenous nation sovereignty may be revitalized? He suggests rather we must develop a model that is unique for only that culture. Cultural distinctiveness, Porter claims is the best model for cultural sovereignty and best maintaining that belief of sovereignty and acknowledgment of that sovereignty from other communities. Finally, Robert Clinton critiques about Supreme Court 's protection of the sovereignty against Federal and legislative infringement.
Such a strain of thought runs through the earlier Faulkner fiction. Paul R. Lilly is of the view that for Faulkner the highest language is silence. Concentrating on the examples of Caddy and Addie as speakers of an “impeccable” language, Lilly argues that Faulkner's ideal was to render in words the illusion of a language purer than words (“Caddy and Addie: Speakers of Faulkner's Impeccable Language” Journal of Narrative Technique 170-182). Language, as it restricts, constrains and distorts thought is seen as a contaminant. Though Faulkner recognizes that the dream of an impeccable speech is only an “imaginary hypothesis”, he seeks to create moments that embody the “illusion that language is most alive when it can thrust itself beyond words” (Quest for Failure
In the postcolonial perspective, the tradition - and its cultural products - whenever understood as something fixed in time, immutable, and set apart from the social and economic dimensions, may become infertile objects that do not assist the conquest of or the access to the social rights, revealing a closed vision of cultural identity (BHABHA, 2013). An essentialist look in pursuit of cultural authenticity may even hamper this access, even though it seeks the affirmation of these peoples' rights. Mota (2008) explains that in this process the traditional communities try to search for validation of its cultural capital for 'to prove' to the agencies that they have rights for the land. For that purpose, they may have to go in accordance with the expected image of an 'authentic Indian', using an essentialist gesture, which is grounded on a notion of "fixed pureness," over their own culture. Another aspect that needs to be taken into consideration, as Coast (2012) affirms, is the fact that the notion of multiculturalism may determine a practice that naturalizes inequity by confusing tradition and
According to Houdebine, these meta-linguistic productions belong to fictive norms, and she defines them as judgments which are not supported by a previous academical discourse or a traditional grammatical perspective, therefore, they can be described as subjective or practical ideals (2002:20). Moreover, they are typically articulated around arguments based on affective, aesthetic, historical, and moral arguments (Remyssen 2011: 49-55). For the later analysis, the conceptualization of fictive norms shall focus on affective, aesthetic and unsubstantiated arguments. Moreover, as many users are not Walloon speakers themselves, the analysis of the projection of fictive qualities to the language will also enable us to observe the construction of an archetypal speaker in the imaginary of members of online social networks, as linguistic qualities are often a pretext to adopt a discourse regarding the community which speaks it and its
The classical model, then, depends upon stable assumptions about knowledge and the world that are, in Halloran's words, "no longer tenable." The classical orator could rely upon a common cultural heritage, and upon an ethos that measured his ability to embody the ideal of such a common culture. Halloran's thesis about the difference between classical and modern rhetoric rests upon the relationship between self and world. He writes, "To inhabit a world is to possess images of how things are beyond the reach of one's immediate experience, images that have implications for how one experiences the immediate, and that generate values which make claims on the conduct of one's life. In the absence of a world given by a stable and coherent cultural
that organizational behavior models are adapted properly to the principle of Universalism, in other words, it assumes that models developed in one country are, in the same way, valid in other countries. Study by other scholars’ shows that cultural dimensions models provided by Hofstede, Hall, Trompeanears and Globe, etc., may have some shortcomings as their cultural dimensions approach is differ. There are, however, significant conceptual and practical drawbacks to an approach that sees national culture as a distinct, overarching system for guiding behaviors. It tends to classify individuals and groups in terms of a single culture (Victor et al., 2005). It is not possible that people can have an impact of only one culture.
Texts are polysemic—they have multiple and varied meanings. However this semantic instability does not mean that readers can make a text mean whatever they wish it to mean. Meaning is derived from the codes, conversations and genres of the text and it’s social, cultural, historical and ideological contexts—which can work together to convey a preferred reading of the text.” (Given, 2008) Concerning the pros and cons of omitting field research and focussing primarily on textual analysis; this will lend this paper’s area of research a high level of academic validity. As well as this, between multiple textual sources the prevailing messages of Moore’s works as well as their social and cultural implications will emerge. Thereby attaining the mass interpretation as to the effects, if any, that Alan Moore’s graphic novel have had on his readership in influencing whatever social or cultural reform that took place after his work’s had been published.
Wardhaugh (2002, p.2) defines language to be: a knowledge of rules and principles and of the ways of saying and doing things with sounds, words, and sentences rather than just knowledge of specific sounds, words, and sentences. Language does not exist apart from culture because language is a medium through which culture is expressed in a particular context. Kramsh (1998) argues that the fact that language expresses, embodies and symbolizes cultural reality clearly shows that language and culture are bound together. She also indicates that language as a tool of communication, is “ bound up with culture in multiple and complex ways” ( Kramsh, 1998.p,13). So if we learn English without its
The cloud of glory playing round a poet is a dangerous thing and it “blinds criticism by conventional admiration and renders the investigation of literary origin unacceptable”. And our personal affinities, likings and circumstances have great power to sway our estimate of his or that poet’s work.” The dangers can be shunned, Arnold thinks by learning to feel and enjoy the best work of the real classic ad thus the difference between it and all lesser work can be appreciated. But if it is not enough, he adds that the high qualities lie both in the matter and style, and these have “a mark, an accent, of high beauty worth and power,” the substance and manner will possess in an eminent