ipl-logo

The Washback Effect

3110 Words13 Pages

ABSTRACT
We live in a testing world, which extends from standardized tests to portfolio assessment. When we consider the extensive use of tests for educational or professional purposes, it becomes nearly impossible not to mention the washback effect. Washback or backwash is a term mostly defined as the influence of testing on teaching and learning in applied linguistics. It is seen as a phenomenon which is of interest to instructors, researchers, policy-makers, students, and other educational stakeholders. It can also be suggested that understanding washback effect on testing is as significant as test reliability and validity. Therefore, washback effect should be taken into account while preparing curriculum, lesson plan, and other educational programs. In this paper, a general review of washback effect will be presented with its functions and mechanisms.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT ………………………………...…………...………….……...……………... i
TABLE OF CONTENTS ………………………………...…………...………...…………ii
LIST OF TABLES ……...………….……...………….……...………….….....…………. iii
WASHBACK EFFECT…………………………….…….………………………………..1 1.1. Introduction ………………………………….....……….…………………………1 1.2. The definition and origin of washback……………..…..….……..……..…….....…1 1.3. The effects of washback ……………....……....…..………………....……......…...2 …show more content…

It only tells part of the story about actual teaching and learning. When a newly emerged test is mandated into an educational context, it is likely to produce unintended results. Teachers do not resist changes, but resist being changed. The change is in the teachers’ hands. As English (1992) pointed out, when the classroom door is shut and nobody else is around, the classroom teacher can then select and teach almost any curriculum he or she decides is appropriate irrespective of the various reforms, innovations and public examinations (cited by Cheng &

Show More
Related

  • Sci201 Unit 1

    391 Words  | 2 Pages

    Although beneficial, the removal of sediment within bodies of water is of a costly nature and is usually a last resort. (Lenntech,

    Read More

  • Runof Runoff Research Paper

    705 Words  | 3 Pages

    Runoff, a common problem in many areas, has many causes. These causes, although sometimes avoidable,such as pollution, it can be repaired. As pollution and erosion, two of the main topics in this paper, affect the water quality, the agents aiding the processes are unstoppable. While agents are unstoppable, runoff is still controllable as far as the rate of runoff. When writing a paper such as this, the many information collected is shown in separate paragraphs, corresponding to the ideas.

    Read More

  • High Stakes Testing Research Paper

    549 Words  | 3 Pages

    As “Education week 's” Ron Wolk’s has said, “The system failed to educate them adequately, and now it punishes them for not being educated. " Ron Wolk is stating that with a school district failing to educate its students, these students have to pay the price by failing the test. High Stakes testing may also affect the district. Low scores could result in the reorganization of schools or a shift of resources to charter schools or private-school vouchers. Who knew that one test could severely damage a community and school

    Read More

  • Standardized Testing Argumentative Essay

    1229 Words  | 5 Pages

    Standard testing is a very controversial and important subject because it deals with the progression of the American education system. The practice of these assessments has been highly scrutinized not only for the way it has changed the format of classrooms, but also for its accuracy, pressure, and abundance. In 2001, standardized testing became federally mandated through the No Child Left Behind Act by former president George Bush Jr. According to research from the Council of the Great City Schools, students have been taking “an average of 113 tests from pre-kindergarten through 12th grade” (K. Hefling). These numbers have increased to the point where parents have opted for their children to not attend standardized exams.

    Read More

  • Standardized Testing Improved America

    680 Words  | 3 Pages

    The tests narrow down the curriculum to focus on the subjects that are on the test, forgetting about the other subjects. Standardized tests cannot measure all that schools teach like how to be a problem solver. Standardized tests have not improved America’s education system. Every once in a while the world will submit their schools performance and they will be ranked with

    Read More

  • Standardized Testing Rhetorical Analysis

    769 Words  | 4 Pages

    They even will take out daily announcements and pep-rallies to “prepare” the students for the tests they have that day (Ramey). With everything comes a Pro and Con side, but it is to find middle ground which is important. This argument of standardized testing, has the side of the nation trying to keep up with the standards of other country, because we are falling a bit behind in academics, compared to other countries. There is where a line where students aren’t getting the all-round experience and knowledge that they need to succeed.

    Read More

  • Nt1310 Unit 1 Assignment 1

    139 Words  | 1 Pages

    Figure 1 is a summary of the students’ learning throughout the learning segment. I administrated this test as a pre-assessment prior to the lesson one and administered it again after the completion of lesson 3. This test is a compilation of students’ learning and it demonstration how they met the standards and objectives that were set out for them to achieve. The evaluation criteria in which this assessment and all other assessment in the individual lessons did was not altered. Even though the students have different learning needs, the assessment met all of the needs for all learners.

    Read More

  • Dealing With Bias In The SAT

    1119 Words  | 5 Pages

    Standardized testing (SATs), in the United States has been present for years and has caused plenty of teachers, students, parents, and other individuals who are informed about it to have different perspectives and opinions on it. Before doing my research on the different opinions people had on standardized tests, I always believed they were encouraged by professors and school facilities. As a student myself and on the behalf of other students, standardized tests were always perceived to be stressful and unjust. Test taking was never a strength of mine especially if the test was timed because it just added more pressure to answer the questions quick. In high school, my teachers never discussed how they felt towards the SATs, which made

    Read More

  • Standardized Testing Essay

    1178 Words  | 5 Pages

    It creates an obsession with test scores as a chief “accountably” metric for students, educators and schools. This system has led to the exams becoming an end instead of a means to an end. For instance, according the Joh Holt, within the learning environment “the air practically vibrates with suspicion and anxiety, the child learns to live in a daze, saving his energies for those small parts of his life that are too trivial for the adults to bother with, and thus remain his.” (E) This represents the crucial and harsh environment students experience when facing tests. It puts unnecessary stress on the minds of students and degrades their self worth into nothing.

    Read More

  • Persuasive Speech On Standardized Testing

    734 Words  | 3 Pages

    In fact 70 percent of educators surveyed in 2015 say that tests are not developmentally appropriate. Furthermore many students suffer a great deal of stress because of standardized tests. What’s most shocking is that instead of lower income schools getting better after tests were implemented they have actually gotten worse. School could essentially be taught by robots. At this point most teachers in my district have to teach a curriculum that is developed by the state instead of their own curriculum.

    Read More

  • Arguments Against Standardized Testing

    1171 Words  | 5 Pages

    For students and educators all over America, “standardized testing” is a commonly heard phrase. Students from grade school to high school are typically assessed each year with a state-created test, designed to measure a year’s worth of knowledge in the form of pencilled-in bubbles. Standardized testing has been a routine practice for years, but both students and teachers have recently began questioning if too much emphasis is placed on standardized testing in schools, and if the test is able to fulfill its purpose in the first place (Bhattacharyya, Junot, and Clark para. 2). Standardized testing is an impractical, superficial, and restrictive method of assessment, which suggests that it is not a reliable tool for education and the success of

    Read More

  • Why Should Standardized Testing Be Banned

    490 Words  | 2 Pages

    Standardized testing can cause a lot of stress on both educators and students. Very good teachers quit teaching every day because of how much stress is on them to prepare students to perform on standardized tests. They feel a considerable amount of pressure to improve testing scores. According to NEAToday say that "Despite the elevated level of overall satisfaction, nearly half (45 percent) of surveyed member teachers have considered quitting because of standardized testing". Students especially feel the stress when there is something meaningful tied to them meaning that some parents threaten to take away something that they value

    Read More

  • Competitive Case Analysis Of Wilkerson's Company

    1770 Words  | 8 Pages

    Nonetheless, competitors of Wilkerson overlooked the opportunity to make profit for themselves in flow controllers, due to the fact that Wilkerson has increased the product price by 10% without losing any business. President of the Wilkerson Company was discussing the business’s operating results with his financial controller and manufacturing manager. Reason for this meeting was because; competitors were now reducing the price of their pumps, posing a threat to Wilkerson’s major product line. Since pumps where a commodity product for Wilkerson, they had no other choice but to match the competitors price in order to maintain volume. Unfortunately, Wilkerson’s price cuts led to a decline in their company profits, especially in the pump line.

    Read More

  • Essay On Flood In Kuching

    727 Words  | 3 Pages

    They also include the replacement of undersized structures such as bridges. These works are necessary, as the original channels have become undersized as a result of the increase in flood flows caused by development. Flash flood also can be overcome with storage ponds of flood attenuation. Ponds such as disused mining pools can be used for flood storage. The objective is to divert the flood water through such ponds and thus regulate the outflow so that the flood peaks are attenuated.

    Read More

  • The Pros And Cons Of Self Testing

    1497 Words  | 6 Pages

    It is generally accepted that testing encourages and gauges students’ learning, although most students would agree that education would be a little bit more enjoyable if they took fewer tests, given that the tests contain a lot of marks at stake (Dunlosky et al., 2013). Hence, the idea of self-testing as a form of practice testing is a reasonable idea. When students do self-testing, they test their memory, what they have learned, what have they revised; anything they can recall from memory. Through this, they can gauge their own performance and where they stand in terms of comprehension and understanding, much like how teachers do when testing students. Hartwig and Dunlosky (2012) believe that “self-testing by recalling the target information boosts performance on subsequent recall and multiple-choice tests of the target information, and it also boosts performance on tests of comprehension” (p. 131).

    Read More

More about The Washback Effect

Open Document