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Waste Water Research Paper

1647 Words7 Pages

1 Introduction:
Water is crucial for our life, the essential feature of our planet. Water is one of the world’s most rich resources, but less than 1% of the total world supply of water is available and safe to use for human being.

Although not often thought of as a commodity, water is a very valuable, vital commodity.
We consume water, waste it, discard it, pollute it, and we must purify and reuse the water we currently waste. (i.e., wastewater)

Wastewater is the byproduct of many uses of water. Wastewater is generally divided into two classifications: domestic wastewater and industrial wastewater. Resource of domestic wastewater is from homes, businesses, and other institutions. Industrial wastewater character-istics vary with each type …show more content…

The system is made up of pre-filter, an activated carbon cartridge and a reverse osmosis membrane. Reverse osmosis used for removing salt and arsenic, most inor-ganic contaminants, bacteria and viruses.
4.4 Chemical treatment (Coagulation-Flocculation):
Coagulants and flocculants are chemicals which are made from alum, lime, iron salts, caustic soda, synthetic organic polymers, and natural polymers added to water to remove turbidity and microbes. Coagulants neutralize the charges that forcing them to collide into larger parti-cles called flocs. Flocculants makes flocs into larger clumps for easier removal through filtra-tion. Coagulation-flocculation is often combined with filtration or chemical disinfection. A detail of this process is explained in Chapter # 6 of this thesis.
5 Nanotechnology based water treatment technologies:
5.1 Carbon Nano-tube …show more content…

NanoMagnetics, Ltd., a U.K.company, has developed a magnetic nanoparticle called MagnetoFerritin and is studying its ability to enable forward osmosis, a potentially energy efficient alternative to reverse osmosis. Magnetic nanoparticles would be used in such a sys-tem to produce the osmotic pressure needed to pull water through a filtration membrane, un-like reverse osmosis that requires energy-input to produce osmotic pressure. MagnetoFerritin-enabled forward osmosis is intended for desalination, though other contaminants can also be removed, depending on the type of membrane that is used.
5.6 Nanocatalysts based Technology (Zero valent Iron)
Nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI) is used for both in situ and ex situ treatment of contami-nated groundwater. It functions simultaneously as an adsorbent and a reducing agent, causing organic contaminants to breakdown into less toxic simple carbon compounds and heavy met-als to agglomerate and stick to the soil surface. NZVI can be injected directly into the source of contaminated groundwater as slurry for in situ treatment, or it can be used in membranes for ex situ applications. NZVI is more reactive and has a large surface area than granular ZVI. More details on this process are explained in chapter

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