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Nitrogenous Waste Water

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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Wastewater and Nitrogen Wastewater is any water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. Wastewater can originate from a combination of domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities, surface runoff or storm water, and from sewer inflow or infiltration. Nitrogen in aquatic environment is an example of waste water in the form of nitrogenous waste. Urea and uric acid are the most common nitrogenous waste products in terrestrial animals; freshwater fish excrete ammonia and marine fish excrete both urea and trimethylamine oxide (Giovanelli, 2005). Nitrogenous wastes only exist as ammonia knowing that these are flushed primarily as ammonia from inside the …show more content…

Even nitrogenous wastes are discharged at levels exceeding the capacity for their natural removal; many aquatic animals have the ability to withstand them at a certain level. This leads to higher tolerance of exposure of aquatic animals to nitrogenous waste. The toxicity of a pollutant is normally expressed by the LC50 value, or the concentration of a toxicant that induces 50% mortality over a given time period. The LC50 value is not only being used to gauge the toxicity of pollutants, it is also used to determine their “safe” levels. The “safe” level of a pollutant, empirically obtained by multiplying the LC50 value by 10%, is a value implying no adverse consequences to the animals when exposed and has been used for environmental risk assessments. (Zeng and Romano, …show more content…

Bivalves include numerous families that live in saltwater, and well as a number of families that live in freshwater and the majority are filter feeders that is by they will take in contaminants with the sea water after accumulation in their body animals would show a range of symptoms pertaining to pollution related effects. Hence, they will be good indicators of environmental pollution (Vaught, 1989). There are more effects of uncontrollable amount of nitrogenous wastes including high levels of nitrogenous substances in the water cause increase of microscopic or macroscopic plants, in a process called eutrophication. Death and decay of these plants would cause low oxygen content in the water. Eutrophication is a very serious pollution problem not just in coastal waters, but worldwide. Mobile animals such as fish and shrimp leave the hypoxic area, but sedentary marine animals such as clams and worms are killed in large numbers (Clark et al.,

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