Literature survey
The concept of wastewater treatment first emerged in the 19th century (Esrey , 1998). The primary aim was to prevent the outbreak and spread of water borne diseases (Esrey , 1998). Pollution is a serious concern in the world and with the increasing population size and expansion industrialisation, it has become very control pollution naturally. One of the biggest contributors to pollution is domestic and industrial waste water (Esrey , 1998). Urbanisation and industrialisation has resulted in an increase in the amount of wastewater discharged into the environment.
The main objective of wastewater treatment is to enable the safe disposal of sewage/wastewater and to minimise the dangers wastewater can impose to the public and
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The methods used involved among others the heating of water in order to purify it. Other means of treating water involved sand and gravel filtration, boiling and straining. At the time the main objective was to make the water taste better since people at the time had no/little knowledge about micro-organisms or chemical contaminants found in water. The principle of coagulation was then discovered by the Egyptians after 1500 BC .In this process, solids were removed by sedimentation (settling) prior to filtration.
It is after 500 BC that the Hippocrates came up with the practice of sieving water and inventing the first bag filter which was named the Hippocrative sleeve. The filter bag was used to trap sediments which caused water to taste bad and have bad odours. Around 300-200 BC Rome built its first aqueducts and Archimedes invented his water screw, all of which helped drain and purify water.in 1657 Sir Francis Bacon began experimenting with seawater desalination where he used an unsophisticated form of sand filtration to remove salt particles. The process was not much success but it paved way for future
Many villages must use chemicals to purify their drinking water. 7. In medieval times an infected person was placed in isolation. 8. Dentists have special equipment to sterilize their instruments.
Though they did not know it did the opposite. They had built wells to get fresh water from
According to Blanton “Reliable sources of fresh water would have been scarce.” (55). The water they had was very dirty and wasn’t good to drink. Also Blanton states “Water sources were vulnerable to salt water and drought intrusion” (55). The water was very salty due to the tide rising the waters and adding filth.
Another use was that of fingerprints which was first used by William
In the experiment they used probes to test for pH, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, conductivity, and turbidity. The probes hook up to the computer and collected the averages for each test. They collected this data and used it for later evaluation of the contaminates. They also tested for iron, copper, and chlorine with different tablets.
The author uses Flavio to prove this as he was efficient and careful with what little he had. The boy would wash the rice in the water, then wash the feet of his baby brother, Zacarias, with the water and later command his other younger siblings to wash themselves with the same water. Parks recounts, “But even that dirty water wasn’t to be wasted. He [Flavio] tossed in a chunk of lye soap and ordered each child to wash up” (par.7). But even then Flavio did not throw out the water.
Water from the Nile River is immensely toxic or unhealthy, but when but through cleaning systems like a filter can change that. The very scarce but clean water can provide the proper nutrients to defeat and prevent waterborne
Only wealthy people had their own private wells. Otherwise, the people shared water from fountains that came directly from the contaminated river. A.L. Rowse mentions, “Many of the citizens possessed chamber pots, usually made of tin, or close stools” (157). Since there were no bathrooms, people excreted waste in their chamber pots. Once they completed that action, they dumped the waste out into the roads.
People used water for everything from growing crops to bathing. Before proper irrigation, people had to live near sources of fresh water. The Egyptians had the Nile, while the Mesopotamians had the Tigris and Euphrates; these rivers provide their respective civilizations with water to drink, animals to hunt, and plants to harvest. It is because of an adequate supply of clean water that these civilizations can prosper and flourish.
They made a pipe system for clean drinking water to supply
There was no running water, they would have to use pumps. The waste would be pumped into nearby rivers. Elizabethan medicine was basic, to say the least. Letting blood was conducted by cupping or leaches. Pains were treated in all different ways.
The first disposable syringes were developed in 1912. These were made of tin and were sold in bulk by James T. Greely. This particular type of
Dennis B. Blanton describes how causing more and more freshwater is becoming brackish causing fresh water to become scarce. To be able to get drinking water, the colonists dug wells across the land. However, the wells became vulnerable to drought and salt water intrusion. He also talks about how the transition affects the water. Due to the saltwater transition, and the filth within the water, the water was the reason for many diseases.
There was only a small fee to pay to use them. 200 million gallons of water was given in Rome each day. There was also clean water fountains running all around Rome. When it came to food, the government gave free wheat to male citizens on a regular basis. Also, the emperor
The first ever desalination plant, which was used, was in United Sates of America during the mid-20th century (1955). How Do Desalination Plants Work? There are many desalination techniques; the thermal distillation, reverse osmosis and many more. Thermal distillation is one of the processes that make desalination (removing salt from sea water) possible.