CRITICAL PROBE INTO INDIGENOUS AND GENDERED FORM OF WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICES IN ONDO STATE, SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA.
2. Background and outline of research problem
It is often said, “Water has no enemy” this emphasizes the importance of water to all living things. Nigeria has a total surface area of 923.768km2, with a land area of 910.770km2 and a water area of 13,000km2. Nigeria has about 267 billion cubic meters of surface water and about 52 billion cubic meters of ground water annually (Ince et al, 2010). In the southern part of the country, rainfall is high, surface water and springs are often the most appropriate source of water while in the north, rainfall is low and aquifers are shallow. It is obvious from the above that the country is generously blessed with abundant surface and ground water. In spite of this level of endowment, national sector data indicates poor access of Nigerian to water.
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Its absence can lock women in a cycle which is repeated from mother to daughter (UNESCO, 2015). For many it is a life of walking long distances to collect water, which takes an estimated 26% of women’s time in rural Africa, 40 billion hours in total each year; thus a life of missing school, work and playtime because, in many cultures, bringing water home has now become a gender role for women and girls (Jenny, 2013). These has led to an uncoordinated and sectoral approach resulting into inaccessibility to potable water as a result of environmental degradation from overexploitation of water resources, inappropriate allocations among competing uses, inequitable distribution of benefits and burdens among users, and inadequate operation and maintenance of infrastructure. Also, inadequate involvement of both men and women has hindered programs and projects aimed at addressing sustainability in water resources management (Bond,
All members of a family are expected to participate in farming, even the women. But women plant different crops, things that are easier to plant such as coco-yams, beans and cassava (Achebe, 23). Then, the women
In this article of “The New Water Czars” by Daniel Kraker explains about the historic water of the Indian community be brought back to its roots or just be turned into a big power broker. He begins to explain how the operations of the Gila River Indian Community are a big agriculture in the south of Arizona. There is a settlement that has been nearly 80 years in the making trying to help the community fewer than 20,000 with more than 650,000 acre-feet of water enough to serve the residential needs of almost 3 million people. In that case it will put the Pima and Maricopa people in a place of marvelous power.
In turn, women began to seek participation in the development process, confronting violence and various other human rights abuses (Snarr, 2012). Overall, the interaction of women’s networks in development, made institutions acknowledge that development can’t be only measured in terms of GDP and GNI rates, but in terms of human rights and social development. This chapter’s discussion on women and development is directly related to poverty and economic issues. The most used measure of defining poverty is by comparing national income with the GNI (Snarr,
It is a precondition for meeting the challenge of reducing poverty, promoting sustainable development and building good governance.” This was clearly missed by the people of Pluton as they only aimed for gender equality and did not think of the consequences of their extreme measures of getting away from gender
Their activities in Africa are a challenge to women in the west who are too afraid to stand up for what they
While it 's hard to put yourself in the shoes of an african kid struggling to find water, water scarcity is a problem that affects everyone even in the United States. The many threats the Colorado River faces led American Rivers to designate the Colorado River as “America 's most Endangered River” in 2013. “Any new diversion from the Colorado River system, whether from the Green River in Wyoming, the Yampa or the Colorado can no longer be a reliable source of water for the growing Front Range. There simply isn’t enough water left without further crippling both the West Slope and Colorado’s ability to meet downstream obligations we agreed to back in 1922, in the Colorado River Compact.” (Ken Neubecker)
Health problems and loss of human life can be additionally be caused by poor water quality. The drought will not just pass; serious actions need to be taken with the participation of
To elaborate further it shows that there are systematic barriers implemented by the people not allowing themselves to get out of the ole they have been placed and because that leads to a lack of leadership in which there is no one to inspire or introduce new ideals to a community only keeping them in the same spot as they always have been. Another piece of evidence that is able to aid in this argument is “One of the biggest inequalities we need to address is gender inequality. According to the UN’s High-Level Panel for Women’s Economic Empowerment, women’s unpaid labor adds up to $10 trillion per year — 13% of the global GDP. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, women own less than 20% of agricultural land in parts of Africa and Asia, yet they make up 60% of the agricultural workforce” (Concern Worldwide US 2020). This also shows how in
Linda Sue Park’s A Long Walk to Water describes a hot, sunny day in Southern Sudan, where an 11 year old girl named Nya was on her first two hour walk of the day, to fetch water for her family from a pond that was located two hours away from her home. She makes the walk every day, twice a day, carrying a giant plastic container. The journey takes her half a morning while the other one takes half a night. While she is one out of thousands who walk hours a day just to be able to find water for their families, hundreds of millions of people in the United States turn on a faucet, open a bottle and drink clean refreshing water in a matter of seconds.
1. Introduction Water is crucial to our survival! Water is one of the scarcest commodities in the world at the moment; some argue that it is scarcer than oil. Wars have been fought over oil; therefore a war over water is a very big possibility in the years to come on this planet. With the current growth of the world’s population and the increase in demand for water in the agricultural industry, the issue of water scarcity is very likely to get worse and worse (Gupta, 2016).
It is important to link gender equality and sustainable development for a number of reasons. How can we achieve a sustainable future, and reach our development goals if half of the world’s population has their rights, capabilities and dignity ignored? Women’s knowledge should be used to help achieve these goals, they should be viewed as central actors, not victims. Furthermore, to be effective, policy actions for sustainability must redress the disproportionate impact on women and girls of economic, social and environmental shocks and stresses. The lives of girls and women have changed dramatically over the past quarter century.
The degradation of the environment in the Niger Delta, is a direct result of oil companies that have failed to take social responsibility into consideration in their various operations. The numerous environmental consequences of oil exploration have become huge obstacles that face development in the Niger Delta. One of these obstacles are oil spills, which mainly occur
What can be done to overcome prejudice towards Gender Equality? Gender equality entails protecting human rights, an economic necessity that allows women’s financial autonomy and national progress, and a country’s outlook on international relations. It affects childbirth rates, the quality of life and longevity of those children, and the type of life of the mother. The struggle is so vital to global stability and success that the United Nations (UN) addresses it in their sustainable development goals.
More than seventy percent of poor in the world are women, while the number of females living in poverty has significantly and disproportionately increased as compared with men. Women also have unequal access to major economic resources like credit, capital, land and labor. Restricted opportunities for career advancement and employment are available for women. These limitations restrict the capabilities of women to improve their monetary and economic scenario. (Zinn, 2005) Women are not represented appropriately at all levels of governments’ decision making in community, but specifically at national and regional levels.
Introduction By the year 2025, the Philippines is believed to be brought to a water crisis if no new sources of water are developed or found to meet the growing demand of the citizens. (Sapnu, R., Balabo, D., & Cervantes, D., 2007) "There is a Japan International Cooperation Agency study that says that if we will not conserve water, there may be some problems. But of course we can always start conserving now and look for other sources," Lopez (2013) said. Studies have shown how water conservation and appropriate water utilization are significant as early as today.