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Sludge Essay

1899 Words8 Pages

Water pollution is arguably the most fundamental environmental issue in Malaysia, since the country 's pollution problems began with water pollution caused by the three industries which are tin mining, natural rubber, and palm oil (Japan, 1996). Sludge is the residue produced during wastewater treatment (J. Edwards, 2017). The amount of sludge from municipal and industry was increasing every years. Nowadays Malaysia with an average crude palm oil production is estimated produce 53 million tons per years total of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) (Ravindra Pogaku, 2015). These happen due to increasing of economic activities as well as manufacturing sectors.

The increasing amount of sludge also increase the sludge management issues. One of the issues was sludge disposal and treatment. High moisture, complex constituents and characteristics are the difficulties faced in handling and management of wastewater POME sludge. In fact, the cost, which includes treatment, transportation and disposal of sludge currently, represents about 50 to 60% of total exploitation cost (Zhenyu Chen, 2014). Disposing the sludge to the closest waterway and land filling is the regular practice. However it is harmful to the aquatic life as well as human life and the system used to manage the waste material currently …show more content…

Dried the brick sample inside the oven at 100ºC for 24 hours. It is also to ensure there is no water content inside the brick which could affect the data. Cool then sample in the room temperature and the weight of the sample was recorded. Immersed the sample in the clean water at a temperature 27ºC-29 ºC for 24 hours. After that, remove the sample and wipe out the traces of water with damp cloth and the weight of the sample was recorded as per BS 3921:1985. The percentage of water absorption by mass after 24 hours can be obtained by calculated Equation

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