Rice Mill Essay In English

Introduction

Water pollution is one of the most serious problems faced by today’s civilization.Any foreign substance which degrade the natural form of water due to its presence can be considered as a water pollutant. Major pollutants for water includes organic and inorganic chemicals, heavy metals, petrochemicals, chloroform, and bacteria.

Phenol and phenolic compounds are one of the major organic pollutants that reduce the availability of pure drinking water especially in a developing country like India.waste waters containing phenolic compounds will casuse serious health hazards and environmental issues,and they should not be discharged without proper treatement. India as a developing country,and having a handful of coal based resources

Rice is obtained as an byproduct obtained from rice miiling industry. Rice husk can be used as as an excellent adsorbent for various substances which labeled it as an excellent cost effective adsorptive purifier.when rice husk is burned to ash about 20 wt% of the husk remains as ash. The rice husk ash has more than 95 wt% of silica with high porosity and large surface area, because it retains the skeleton of cellular structure(Potential of Rice Husk and Rice Husk Ash for Phenol Removal in Aqueous Systems) which gives it the properties of a good adsorbent.hence in a developiong country like india where industrial waste water containing phenol is generated abundantly from coal related industries and other ,treating these phenolic industrial waste water with adsorbents generated from rice husk is a good

Large molecules may be too large to enter small pores. This may reduce adsorption independently of other causes.

• Degree of ionization of the adsorbate molecule. More highly ionized molecules are adsorbed to a smaller degree than neutral molecules.

• pH. The degree of ionization of a species is affected by the pH .This, in turn, affects adsorption. The extent of adsorption also depends on temperature, pressure, and concentration in the bulk phase, elemental nature of the adsorbent.

Adsorption isotherm

A relation between the amount of adsorbate adsorbed on a given surface at constant temperature and the equilibrium concentration of the substrate in contact with the adsorbent is known as Adsorption Isotherm.

Phenol

Molecular formula C6H6O

Structural formula

Appearance Physical state: liquid (> 40.9 °C) - solid (< 40.9 °C)

Colour: colourless (liquid) - white (solid)

Odour Stinging

Odour threshold 0.022 - 22 mg/m³

Water solubility At 20 °C: 84 g/L;

At 25 °C: 87 g/L;

At 68 °C: completely miscible pH value At 20 °C, 10 g/L: 4 - 5

Melting point/freezing point 40.9 °C

Density At 20 °C: 1.07 g/cm³; at 25 °C: 1.13 g/cm³

Molecular weight 94.11124