Water Purification Lab

In this experiment, the materials used were provided by California State University, Fresno chemistry stockroom. We used a lab coat and lab goggles. The materials used was a 10mL volumetric flask, and an electric balance. Procedure: In order to begin the experiment we need to understand our objectives.

In order to determine the value of X, the hydrate is heated on a burner to undergo decomposition reaction to be decomposed into CuSO4 and water vapor. Water vapor is evaporated during the reaction, leaving CuSO4 crystals, which is supposed to be white, in remain. By weighing the mass of CuSO4 and the mass difference of substance before and after the reaction, the mole of CuSO4 and H2O can be calculated. The value of X can thus be determined by calculating the mole ratio of CuSO4 and H2O. In the lab, through calculation, the value of X is determined to equal to 5.361211229, which is close to 5.

A hydrate is a compound, where water molecules are chemically bounded to another compound or element. An anhydrate is the substance remaining after removing water from a hydrate. The hydrate in this lab was Copper Sulfate. The hydrates formula is CuSO4 times xH2O. The purpose of this lab was to pull the water from a hydrate to expose the anhydrate and calculate what the hydrate is by finding the formula for the

3H2O. This chemical would be called calcium sulfate trihydrate. When finding the mass of this chemical, you find the mass of the calcium sulfate and then add 3 times the mass of water to it. (40.08 + 32.066 + 4(15.999) + 3(2(1.0079) + 15.999)) = 190.19 g/mol.

The volume of a cyclinder is V=4/3(3.14)r^3. You need to substiute feet and height into the equation resulting in V=4/3(3.14)*15^2*120=4/3(3.14*225*120=63,585 feet. The volume of the whole tank is 65,385 feet. To find the volume of half a cyclinder you would divide the main tanks volume, 65,385 feet by 2 to get 31,792.5 feet. So the volume of the half tanks are 31,792.5

Data: There were two separate sections of data collected: the Preparation Table(Table 1) and the Titration Table(Table 2). This was due to the initial production of the weight buret- the sodium thiosulfate solution and the dropping bottle- represented in Table 1 and the trials that occurred separately(Table 2). The initial mass of the solid sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate was 0.21 grams. Once the ten milliliters of water was added, the mass of the sodium thiosulfate solution as 9.70 grams(Table 1).

Effort was made to avoid over spotting or cross contamination of the solutions. Both prepped silica TLC plates were placed in the Development Chamber (DC), that had 0.5% glacial acetic acid in ethyl acetate as solvent.

It was important for the pH to be adjusted properly so that the endpoint of the reaction of sodium chloride with mercuric nitrate could be indicated. Nitric acid was used to lower the pH, and sodium hydroxide was used to raise it. In equation 1, A represents milliliters of mercuric nitrate used for the titration of the VA pond sample. Value B represents by the volume of the titrant used to titrate the deionized control sample. The N value stands for the normality of mercuric nitrate.

The Law of Conservation of Mass states that mass is neither created nor destroyed. So after the last reaction is done there should be the same amount of copper as there was before you began. Material: Beaker Evaporation Dish Pipette Metal Copper Nitric Acid Litmus paper Sodium hydroxide

Water and Sewage Microbiology: 1. List the steps of in a water purification plant. a. Screening to separate the large contaminants from the water b. Coagulation to attract small contaminants c. Sedimentation where water sits and finishes coagulation d. Filtration to remove any small remaining contaminants and particles e. Disinfection by disinfecting chemicals such as chlorine to kill microorganism or remaining bacteria 2.