WATER QUALITY VARIATION WHILE TRANSPORTING
HYPSELOBARBUS KURALI ANESTHETIZED WITH
2- PHENOXY ETHANOL
Sherly Williams E1 and Vishnu Nair M S2*
1. Environmental Sciences, Aquaculture and Fish Biotechnology Lab, P G and Research Department of Zoology, Fatima Mata National College, Kollam, Kerala, India.
2. Mariculture Division, CMFRI, Kochi.
*Corresponding: msvishnunair@gmail.com
Key words: Anesthesia, Hypselobarbus kurali, transportation, 2- phenoxyethanol, aquaculture.
Abstract:
Transportation of fishes from study site to the laboratory needs lot of care as the fish is very sensitive to even minor changes in the surroundings. The prime response from the fishes was random running and hitting its head and body against the medium in which
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at 20oC (Merk and company, 1989). It is used as a topical anesthetic. It is a mild toxin and may cause some irritation to the skin, therefore any contact with the eyes should be avoided (Bell, 1987). Based on human toxicology data, it may also cause liver and kidney damage (Summerfelt and Smith, 1990).Anesthetic trials were performed. Four levels of anesthetics were evaluated which includes 300 µl/l, 400 µl/l , 500 µl/l and 600 µl/l with four repeats. Healthy fishes from the wild caught group were selected for transportation. Each level of anesthetics were measured out into a 50 ml reagent bottle, mixed with 30 ml of water and stirred to disperse the chemical before adding to the anesthesia inducing tub. Observation on 10 fishes were made at each level. The stages of anesthetization were differentiated as induction, maintenance and recovery (Sajan et al, 2012). The efficiency of the anesthetics were assessed by considering three stages of induction (I1, I2, I3) and three stages of recovery (R1, R2, R3) in Hypselobarbus Kurali. An induction time of 180 sec or less and complete recovery with in 300 sec suggested by Marking and Meyer 1985 and Trzebiaoto wski, 1996 was employed to assess the induction and recovery stage in the Hypselobarbus Kurali. Dosages of anesthesia adopted for various teleosts (Weber et al, 2009) were adopted as the base information. Both treatment and recovery water were taken from the natural ecosystem itself, where the fishes lived. When the fishes reached the stage three of aesthesia (I3), it was immediately transferred to the recovery tub for recording the recovery stage (R1, R2 and R3). The induction and recovery instance for each concentration was measured by using an electronic stop watch. Experiments were repeated four times to verify the findings. The recovered fishes were
Daphnia Magna are small crustaceans that are excellent for observing the effect of depressants on their nervous system. The purpose of this specific experiment is to observe the effect of ethanol, aspirin, and caffeine on daphnia’s heart rate. Not only do these chemicals affect heart rate, but they also affect the frequency of reproduction, number of eggs produced, and body structure. Pesticides similar to these chemicals can be released into the environment and daphnia re useful in monitoring toxicity levels. The agents being tested in this experiment can be administered to determine the effects of hormones, stimulants, antidepressants, and neurotransmitters.
The χ2 value was 0.012858, df was 3 and hence the P value was less than 0.001 which proves that this result is not a result of random probability and is in fact reliable. In Trial 3, twelve isopods (60%) made the choices of hiding behind the sucrose sponge. The χ2 value was 0.00350342, df was 3 and hence the P value was in between
In “Hooked on a Myth”, Victoria Braithwaite proves that fish, in fact, do feel pain. But because fish feel pain, does that mean people shouldn 't fish them anymore? My answer is yes, people shouldn 't continue to to fish and eat them . People have always thought that fish are these little pea-brained creatures that just eat and swim around.
Bill McEwen does not only use ethos and logos to express and reach out to the reader, but he also uses pathos. With pathos, the author can get into the reader’s mind and make them feel a certain way with his use of words. An example of pathos in the article can be easily shown when McEwen says” The reality is, our federal and state government will spend hundreds of millions-if not billions- of dollars in coming years on a program that will yield a salmon exhibit instead of a substantial fishery”(McEwen 9). McEwen’s use of pathos can be clearly identified in this phrase by looking at the way he states what he is saying. Here, McEwen does not use any facts or famous experts, but he does say this in such a way that the gets the reader really thinking
Before getting the goldfish subjects, two beakers were filled with 200 ml fish water and weighed. Four goldfish were then collected gently from the fish tank and each two of them were transferred into one beaker. Each beaker along with fish and water was weighed again to determine the weight of each pair of goldfish. For the control group of each trial, the oxygen chamber was firstly filled with 200 ml fish water; after two goldfish along with 200 ml water were transferred into it, it was sealed in order to prevent oxygen exchange with the ambient environment.
“Finding Fish” by Antwone Quenton Fisher was published in 2001, and is a novel chronicling Antwone Fisher’s childhood to early adulthood years. He faced many trials and tribulations growing up motherless and fatherless causing him to be sucked into the system which led him to face psychological development issues down the road. Antwone Fisher was born on August 3, 1959 by Eva Mae Fisher who was imprisoned at the time of his birth, and his father was killed few months prior to his birth leaving him parentless and abandoned. Due to his mother being in prison the time of his birth, Antwone’s mother was found unfit and revoked of her prenatal rights; and he was placed into foster care with the Pickett’s. The Pickett’s raised other foster
Every fisherman out there would like more tips for bass fishing . Catching a huge bass can be one of the most rewarding experiences you will ever have. But Bass can be a bit finicky and difficult to catch at times. And using the wrong techniques will only ensure an empty stringer. The following quick tips for bass fishing should help you put more fish in the boat and give you the confidence you need to get out there and fish.
2 Dec. 2015. Ranta, E., and K. Lindström 1992. Power to hold sheltering burrows by juveniles of the signal crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus. Ethology 92:217–226.
Do fish feel pain? According to Victoria Braithwaite from her “Hooked on a Myth” an article that was published in the Los Angeles Times” she provided key points and examples on whether fishes can feel pain or not. Fishes are seen around the world as being an inferior animal compared to other animals such as dogs and birds , but does that make them prone to not feeling any pain ? Pain can be mental or emotional but, it can also be physical pain such as distress to any part of the body caused by anything that may be upsetting. Should we not treat fishes the same we treat other animals or humans ?
Even if you are not a fisherman you can 't deny that successful fly fishing is an art, requiring careful preparation and planning. The most indispensable part of the process is finding the right fishing flies for the area and wildlife you are planning to go fishing in. The fly fishing flies that fly fishermen use for bait are meant to match the size and species of the real insects that imbue a given area and attract fish. This way, they are indistinguishable from the fish who want to eat them.
The Use of PCR and Gel Electrophoresis to Examine the Pitx1 Enhancer Region in the Stickleback Fish of Big Lake Hypothesis: Due to selective pressures in a freshwater environment, the stickleback fish in Big Lake will not have pelvic spines due to an insertion mutation in the Pitx1 enhancer region. Rationale: Since these stickleback fish are found in Big Lake, which is a freshwater lake that does not experience a marine environment, they will not have pelvic spines due to the specific selective pressures they experience. In Big Lake, the calcium levels is 14ueqv/L, which is much lower than the calcium levels found in a marine environment.
The control to this experiment would be a open container with the same amount of Daphnia and observed for the same amount of time. There would also be a container with certain levels of oxygen concentration that would be observed. The independent variable of this experiment is the oxygen concentration in which the Daphnia will be placed in and the dependent variable of the experiment is the hemoglobin produced in the Daphnia. It takes an estimated two to three days for daphnia in hypoxic conditions to appear red, so the colors of the organisms would be observed for multiple days in order to see the whole process of hemoglobin synthesis in Daphnia. The effect of oxygen concentration on the hemoglobin produced in Daphnia will be tested by placing saran wrap over the petri dish in which the Daphnia live in with varying amounts of openings and measuring the amount of Daphnia that appear red due to the hemoglobin produced in it’s
Many people are of the belief that fishermen of bass are just as good as the lures he uses. While this is partly true for some situations, in real life, having an excellent lure for bass fishing a waste if one doesn't know how to put it to use. Say, its like a nuclear energy, used for the wrong purpose. People need to know where to use which bait, to catch the right stuff.
Corotto, F., Ceballos, D., Lee, A., & Vinson, L. (2010). Making the Most of the Daphnia Heart Rate Lab: Optimizing the Use of Ethanol, Nicotine & Caffeine. The American Biology Teacher , 176-179. The purpose of this article was to test the effects of chemicals on Daphnia magna.
Research Protocol – Monitoring of the Daphnia magna heart rate The experiments focused on the four treatments of nicotine, caffeine, ethanol, and double distilled water (placebo). 180 μL of each bioactive solution (nicotine was covered with foil, due to light sensitivity) and 120 μL of double distilled water were placed into labeled eppendorf tubes to dismiss cross-contamination, and were placed on ice to match the environment of the Daphnia to reduce any added stress on the Daphnia. One Daphnia was placed on the testing petri dish, and then all the excess pond water was removed with a transfer pipette.