Wastewater Lab Report
Wastewater coming from refineries cannot be discharged directly into water bodies and thus it requires a primary, secondary and tertiary treatment to remove the contaminant load found in it. With a primary treatment all the settleable and floating material found in the wastewater (like suspended solids and oil) are removed using physical and chemical operations; using a secondary treatment all the dissolved contaminants are removed from the water mostly by chemical/biological processes and with a tertiary treatment the effluent is conditioned to meet the different final discharge standards (Bagajewicz, 2000).
With a primary treatment pollutants principally oil, grease and solids are removed; this is an extremely important and critical step
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The foam/pollutant layer is frequently skimmed off in order to avoid the sedimentation of solids. One requirement for the use of DAF is that the water must be pretreated with a coagulation/flocculation procedure in order to stabilize the charges of the pollutants and encourage the formation of small aggregation which will improve the efficiency of pollutant removal in the unit (Russell, 2006). Normally after this, an equalization stage or unit is used in order to regulate the amount of water and the amount of pollutants going into the secondary treatment step; the latter is to avoid any toxic shock that could affect the efficiency of contaminants’ removal. Flow regulation tanks and lagoons are common examples of equalization …show more content…
Microbes can grow suspended in the wastewater (suspended growth) or attached to surfaces with the formation of biofilms (attached growth). When suspended growth techniques are used, microbes are kept in suspension in the wastewater where they degrade the organic matter in order to grow and reproduce. Suspended growth techniques can be done in an aerobic or anaerobic environment, being the first ones the most commonly used in refineries. Some examples of aerobic suspended growth techniques found in this type of installations are activated sludge reactors and aerated lagoons. When attached growth techniques are used, microorganisms grow attached to a packing material that is put in the reactor. This material can be made out of plastic, gravel, rock or other synthetic material. Examples of this type of process are trickling filters and rotating biological contactors (IPIECA,
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