Literature Review On Wellness

2. Review of literature

2.1. Wellness and the general criteria of adjustment and maladjustment.

According to Botha and Brand (2009), wellness can be defined as “an approach to personal health that emphasises individual responsibility for wellbeing through the practice of health-promoting lifestyle behaviours”. Wellness refers to a holistic state in which body, spirit and mind are integrated. The state in which body, spirit and mind are integrated, leads to a life oriented toward optimal health with the goal of living more fully within die natural and human community. The process of wellness involves striving for integration and balances in one’s life, adding skills and rethinking the appropriateness of previous beliefs towards issues.

Currently

Organisational wellness is the preparation for work from which an individual will find enrichment in his/her life and gain personal satisfaction (Leafgren & Elsenrath, 1986). Job satisfaction has been found to have factors such as commitment, change, less anxiety, hardiness, less stress, longevity, challenge, fewer physical symptoms and greater productivity. Conflict between an individual’s family responsibilities and work responsibilities can affect all aspects of the individual’s life significantly. The individuals’ job satisfaction and life satisfaction will drop as the amount of family - work conflict increases and they will then report less commitment and decreased levels of attachment, lower levels of general happiness and subjective wellbeing, parental problems such as juvenile delinquency and violence, increased reports of actual turnover, increased psychological distress levels, increased instances of divorce, higher intentions to leave their current place of work, higher levels of depression and alcohol abuse, lower levels of marital satisfaction and increased stress and tension (Grant-Vallone & Ensher, 2001; Quick, Henley & Quick,

Constructs that enhance psychological wellbeing

2.2.1.1. Individual constructs

There are many constructs to determine and enhance psychological wellbeing. They include:

• Futuristic constructive cognitions such as hope, optimism and faith.

• Human strengths such as self – efficacy, problem solving, engagement, emotional intelligence and locus of control.

• Individual characteristics such as resilience, wisdom giftedness, coping, creativity and well – being.

• Present emotional experiences such as gratitude, sensual pleasures, joy, humour, courage, flow, positive emotion, happiness, love and positive affect.

2.2.1.2. Group