There are many types of concrete available to us, created by varying the proportions of the main ingredients. Several materials are used to produce a good quality concrete. They are all important because they impart strength and durability to the concrete. Proportioning a concrete mix for a given purpose is thus the art of obtaining a suitable ratio of the various ingredients of concrete with the required properties at the lowest cost. Poor compaction and improper curing will lead to porous concrete with low strength and high permeability.
This material group becomes interesting for use as constructional and functional materials, if the property profile of conventional materials either does not reach the increased standards of specific demands, or is the solution of the problem. However, the technology of MMCs is in competition with other modern material technologies. The advantages of the composite materials are only realized when there is a reasonable cost – performance relationship in the component production. A composite material is a material system composed of a suitably arranged mixture or combination of two or more Nano, micro, or macro constituents with an interface separating them that differ in form and chemical composition and are essentially insoluble in each
Concrete materials are still a dominant material for construction due to its advantages suchas workability, low cost and fire resistance as well as its low maintenance cost. It is formed from a hardened mixture of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water and some admixture. Massive exploration of the natural resources for producing concrete affect to the environment condition and global warning. We have responsibility to reduce the effect of the application of concrete materials to environmental impact. The concrete should be used as efficient as possible.
Concrete is the primary material in construction industry. It consists of cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, water and other admixtures. Generally Ordinary Portland cement is used in concreting but the production of OPC causes a huge amount of carbon emission and also it uses a huge amount of non-renewable natural resources. The concrete construction practice in use is considered as unsustainable because it consumes a huge quantity of sand, stone and water and 2.5 billion tons of OPC per year. A major component of concrete is cement, which has its own environmental and social impacts and contributes largely to those of concrete.
Composites can be both lightweight and strong, can be easily molded, are resistant to heat and pressure, but are also more expensive to repair. The more weight the aircraft starts gaining, the more fuel it burns, hence reducing its weight which is very important to the aerospace industry, especially the military aircrafts. Some of the aeronautical experts have even predicted future military aircrafts to comprise composites of more than two thirds of its entire
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Definition of CONCRETE: Concrete is a composite material composed of water, coarse granular material (fine & coarse aggregates), embedded in a hard matrix of material (cement) that fills the space among the aggregate particles & glues them together. Major advantages of concrete over other building materials are as follows: • Mould ability • Less Maintenance • Cost effective • Durability • Easily available • Can be designed as per requirement Concrete, the most ubiquitous material in the world, is a nano structured multiphase, composite material that age over time (Sanchez and Sobolev, 2010). It is composed of an amorphous phase, nanometer- to micrometer-size crystals, and bound water. The concrete
It has replaced steel reinforcement because it has strength comparable to steel but it is corrosion resistant. Due to their strength, light weight and durability it is used in street light poles, hydro transmission towers and street manhole covers. These material are used in formation of suspension bridges instead of steel because if steel is in there manufacturing bridge would under their own weight. Air craft: Fiberglass is used to make fuselage, propellers and nose cone of jet. High strength to weight ratio of fiberglass make it suitable for such applications.
Asphalt Concrete Composite Material Report – A Case Study In The Application Of Composite Technology Introduction 1. This report aims to outline the application of a composite material in the field of engineering. I have chosen to do my report on Asphalt Concrete used for Roads and Parkways. 2. Asphalt concrete (Often referred to as asphalt, blacktop, or pavement in the USA, or tarmac in the UK) is a composite material commonly used to: a.
This method being beneficial in nature is used in numerous industrial applications. Few of the advantages are listed – • Parts can be made in a short duration of time. Tuning and modifications in the design can be done easily because of its allowance for quick turn. Hence can be used for demonstration purpose as well. • High level of design which results in very smooth surface and the designs will be ultra accurate.
To obtain desirable properties in a composite, the applied load should be effectively transferred from the matrix to the fibers via the interface. Composite materials can be classified into many categories depending on the type of matrix material, reinforcing material type etc. According to the type of matrix material they can be classified as follows Metal matrix type composites: MMC are composited of a metallic matrix (Al, Mg, Fe, Co, Cu). Ceramic matrix composites: CMC is material consisting of a ceramic combined with a ceramic dispersed phase. Ex: clay, graphite powder.