“The Framers of the Constitution and the ‘Genius’ of the People” written by Alfred E. Young is an article which was originally written in a newspaper called In These Times. In his article he explains the process the delegates went through at the constitutional convention and how revolutionary this moment in our history was. They were the first to form a totally new form of government and to do it in a way that didn’t involve much dispute. Delegates were originally called to revise the Article of Confederation but instead they decided to frame and entirely new document, the Constitution. The Framers wanted to create something completely unlike the monarchy they came from. They went in to the Constitutional Convention with the intent to unite …show more content…
His rhetoric and tone is formal, straightforward, and reflective. His purpose was to explain what an amazing feat it was that these delegates got together and were able to create something so different and revolutionary, that has never been seen before in history. Young explains to his readers how important the “people” and their “genius” was in shaping and influencing the words of the writers of the Constitution. He explains “genius” as “a word eighteenth-century political thinkers used to mean spirit: we may say character or underlying values.” (Young 10) The framers knew that the people would be completely opposed to anything resembling the British government. Alfred Young includes a quote from a wealthy planter in Maryland, Charles Carroll, where he is explaining that citizens need to “submit to partial loses because no great revolution can happen in a state without revolutions or mutations to private property.”(Young 13)The significance of this quote is to show that even though the framers wanted to appeal to everyone ideas it just wasn’t possible, however they were able to give their citizens a document that united their country and outlines their rights as a citizen of that …show more content…
The most influential ghost was Thomas Paine, writer of Common Sense. And Young points out that the basis of his pamphlet was to offer a “vision of a democratic government in which a single legislature would be supreme, the executive minimal, and representatives would be elected from small districts by a broad electorate…”. (Young 11) Young includes the delegates references to the ghosts of their history in order to show not only how much the writers took into consideration, but how much they actually implemented from their past radical elites. By including these blurbs into history, Young is able to show his reader in even more depth the significance of other people when the constitution was being discussed. He wanted to make sure he filled his article with as many facts and background as he could. By explaining his points with support from actual citizens of the 13 colonies, delegates or past radical elites, he is able to gain credibility from the
“…, a frustrated John Adams mused how much better things would have been with some kind of declaration of independence already in effect. In September he gloomed that the Americans behind schedule, should already “have completely molded a constitution: to have raised a naval power, and opened all our Ports wide” (431). The book wasn’t another narration of events. It gave further understanding with its detail descriptiveness and colorful wording.
The book is a narrative that accounts the events of the convention and how the Constitution was drafted and created. The book emphasizes the process and thought behind all the compromises created for the Constitution to be ratified by all the delegates. Furthermore, the book outlines the four months it took to craft the Constitution and the intensity of the delegates at the convention. The Summer of 1787 also mentions almost all the delegates in extreme depth, such as Roger Sherman, Benjamin Franklin, John Dickenson, George Washington and other eminent politicians and lawyers. The book discloses what each delegate did at the convention, what their opinions were and what their beliefs
David O. Stewart’s The Summer of 1787: the Men Who Wrote the Constitution provides an un-biased historical account on how the constitution came to be. The book begins in post-revolutionary war America under the failed Articles of Confederation to the constitutional convention and through the ratification process of the constitution. It provides the readers with an in depth look at the hard ball the founding fathers played to create a government that could deal with a violent rebellion, mass debt, and the states conflicting goals. The goal of The Summer of 1787 the Men Who Wrote the Constitution is to enlighten readers on how the constitution came to be by illustrating how the founding fathers personalities affected the process by providing a deeper look into these key figures personal life’s and how their experiences shaped their political views.
In the “Address to New York Electors 1814”, the Democratic-Republican members of the Legislature of New York addressed citizens with a call to future electors. The meaning of the address is to call electors in New York to vote Democratic-Republican, support the war and discourage and criticize opposition to the war. There are four main significant aspects of the address in regards to the political culture of the era. One being Democratic-Republicans supported the war and the government’s choice to be involved in it because it suited their interests. Second, it is important to note the Democratic-Republicans focused part of their argument on how the stability of the union is more important than disagreements against the government, while utilizing
Long have the arguments on whether or not to ratify the Constitution been going on and it is most certainly right to agree. The Framers decided to give more power to the federal government than to the people for an abundant amount of reasons. The Constitution is completely necessary because there are so many problems with the old system: the Articles of Confederation and we need trained people to do important work for the country. The Anti-Federalists are clearly incorrect for bountiful reasons. There are just so many ways that the Articles of Confederation wasn’t working out for us, so we must move on with our plans for the Constitution.
Following the framing of the constitution and the conclusion of the constitutional convention, political debate quickly developed as the ratification process began. As state representatives returned to their states, the press had already began shaping public opinion with the dispersion of the Federalist and Anti-Federalist papers. Federalists such as Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, and Anti-Federalists such as George Mason, Thomas Paine and George Clinton wrote with the intention of influencing the opinions of the American populace and the state legislatures charged with ratifying the constitution. These factions created the first instance of political parties, and the compromise between the two during the debate of ratification had a great influence on the American constitution. A primary
In 1776, the United States declared its’ independence from the tyrannical government of Britain and King George III. The newfound nation was now stuck trying to create its own system of government that would avoid all of the unitary government problems that they had just escaped. The Americans found themselves extremely loyal to their states and terrified of a centralized government. This school of thought produced the Articles of Confederation, or the first system of government in the United States. The Articles of Confederation would eventually be removed and changed to the Federal Republic that stands in our country today.
On May 25, 1787, the delegates chosen to represent their states at the Constitutional Convention would never have imagined the great impact they have held for over the past 200 years. The Framers of the Constitution were visionaries. Most of the contributors of the Constitution were older, wealthy, well-educated business owners with the intent of creating the best nation in the world. These intelligent people sought to find a new functional form of government that would outlast the former one they fled from. Two of the most crucial contributors of the constitution include George Washington and James Madison.
Petition and Protest: "our property is torn from us" 1. Why did men from Massachusetts towns throughout the Connecticut River Valley march to Springfield to close the Supreme Judicial Court scheduled to convene on September 26, 1786? Hundreds of men from Massachusetts, known at Regulators, marched on and forcibly closed several courts throughout Massachusetts in the year 1786. These men fought for reformation within the judicial system and amendments to the 1780 state constitution, vowing that no courts shall convene until their demands were met.
In his essay ‘The founding fathers: a reform caucus in action', John P. Roche describes the Founding Fathers as practical politicians that were indeed acting on behalf the citizens they represented. Roche states the founding fathers kept in mind everyone's rights while making the Constitution. He explains how James Madison drafted the Virginia Plan. Roche describes it as a ‘Political Masterstroke'.
For example, in the Federalist Paper #10, Madison writes about the dangers present with the current Articles of Confederation and how having various factions who don't feel a sense of governmental unity can threaten one another. The idea that a dynamic representative system of government could prevent violent change in government was written into the Federalist Papers to serve as warning against the tensions much of the country was facing
The thinking behind that was to try to create a more “fluid society” and avoiding a “permanent aristocracy” (Palmer, P.172). Palmer addresses what occurred in Philadelphia that the members of the convention “betrayed” the individuals that sent them (Palmer, P.172). Originally the purpose was making the Articles of Confederation stronger, but ended up getting rid of them entirely (Palmer, P.172). Towards the end of the essay Palmer refers to the Revolution as “Ambivalent”, because it could be Revolutionary and conservative
Both documents from both the Federalist document number one and the Anti-Federalists document number one examine what our nation would be like under one central government. These documents are very generalized introductions for their arguments to either created a new constitution, or ratify our existing one. Before the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the United States didn 't use a large, powerful government as we know it today. The nation put most of the power into individual states which created several issues with the overall standing of the U.S. The governing document during this time, the Articles of Confederation, had multiple weaknesses including that there was no tax authority, no chief executive, and no judicial system.
The United States is a government founded upon the principles of equality, or are we? That is the question studied and debated by historians of American history. Our founding fathers motives are scrutinized through the study of their personal letters, historical documents, and public records. Two historians, Howard Zinn and Gordon S. Wood, support opposing viewpoints. Howard Zinn describes the Founding Fathers as only interested in writing the Constitution to upholding the wealthy’s power.
The advantage of having many past experiences and being an old man is a great way to get attention from others. A wise old man who is willing to take any judgement or risk for what is best for his country and the people. Benjamin Franklin , author of the “Speech in the Convention” (1787), persuade his audience with the rhetorical techniques, by comparing the delegates through allusions and humbling his own ethos in order to convince the congress to pass the constitution by its flaw. Benjamin Franklin effectively utilize allusions by comparing the delegates, so they could approve the constitution. Franklin states that the delegates is likely going to end up the same as “the builders of Babel” with the states of separation to “cutting one another’s throats” in order to make the members of the congress fear of the future (43).