What Causes Cerebral Palsy

1–3 Potential long-lasting effects of concussions on developing brains include decreased physical, cognitive, emotional, and sleep health." Said, Jingzhen, Yang "New and Recurrent Concussions in High-School Athletes Before and After Traumatic Brain Injury Laws, 2005–2016." (1). This is a huge issue especially since the brains are still developing. It is crucial for children to protect their heads because the brain is so fragile in the developing stage.

One of the most leading causes of epilepsy is head trauma (most likely from an accident) which is known as “Post Traumatic Epilepsy.” Another cause is brain conditions; when someone has had a stroke or brain tumor in the past they have a higher chance of developing epilepsy. Also, infectious diseases (such as meningitis and AIDS) can cause epilepsy. Lastly, prenatal injuries: mother acquires an infection or oxygen deficiency to the baby and developmental disorders: autism and neurofibromatosis (Epilepsy, 2017). To figure out if someone actually has epilepsy, they will go through tests to be

CYSTIC FIBROSIS INTRODUCTION Cystic fibrosis, also known as mucoviscodosis, muco meaning the mucus that builds up in the airways and blocks up the passageways. It is an autosomal recessive disorder and it can be life threatening if tests are not done at birth, especially the screening tests on new-born babies ‘’’screening tests” which are laboratory tests that help to identify infants with high risk of getting the disease or being aware of the symptoms. It is a hereditary disease that is passed on to the children by genes. Usually the parents of the child are the carriers, they both have a recessive allele for this disease and when they mate 25% chances of the first filial generation will have this disease. Cystic fibrosis attacks the cells that produce mucus, sweat, and digestive juices.

Researchers also noted that abnormal development at a molecular level specifically impacted the cells involved in the production and maintenance of myelin, which are called oligodendrocytes . Connectivity of key brain areas impacted Their studies also discovered that some of the largest axons affected were unusually thickened. They say that these peculiar alterations may all act together to negatively impact the connectivity between the anterior cingulate cortex , which is a region of the brain implicated in processing emotions and cognitive functioning, and associated areas of the

1.1. INTRODUCTION Spasticity is a condition in which certain muscles are continuously contracted. This contraction causes stiffness or tightness of the muscles and can interfere with normal movement and speech. Spasticity is usually caused by damage to the portion of the brain or spinal cord that controls voluntary movement. The damage causes a change in the balance of signals between the nervous system and the muscles.

The wet AMD occurs when abnormal blood vessels behind the retina starts to grow underneath the macular. This condition is called choroidal neovascularization (CNV). These blood vessels tend to be very fragile and always leak blood and fluid into the retina, and subsequently causing permanent damage to light-sensitive retinal cells, which die off and create blind spots in central vision. Thus, people with wet AMD can loss their vision rapidly. Also, wet AMD causes distortion of vision that makes straight lines look wavy, as well as blind spots and loss of central

INTRODUCTION Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) form a group of heterogeneous disorders that affect the kidneys, ureters and bladder. In this group are included common problems such as vesicoureteral reflux to severe life-threatening malformations as bilateral renal agenesis. (1-4) In young children, CAKUT are the main cause of end-stage kidney disease, leading to the need for kidney transplantation or dialysis, causing a major impact on growth, maturation, and disturbed cognitive development and leading to a poor life expectancy (5-6). The survival rate of this group is 30 times lower than that of healthy children (5). It may be also associated with kidney problems in adult life, such as hypertension and proteinuria.

Some of the reasons are very serious, such as CTE which is a brain disease caused by rapid hits to the brain, this has lifetime affects and changes you in many ways, in worst cases this can even cause death. Although that is one of the worst things that can happen there is still many others like concussions which last long, Alzheimer’s disease, also minor characteristics like depression and headaches all linking to lifetime affects. The kids

In addition, Separation is extremely risky and threatening the twins’ life, especially if they are sharing a vital organ, because in many cases, the surgeries end the life of one or both the twins. • Introduction Siamese twins are identical twins born with their bodies at some points and having varying degrees of residual duplication, this is a result of the incomplete

This can be because data does not transfer successfully from short-term memory into permanent long-term memory. It is often a permanent condition generally thought to be caused by damage to the hippocampus section of the brain. This damage can be caused by an accident, surgery, alcohol, and even an acute deficiency of thiamine known as Korsakoff’s syndrome. Which is a chronic memory disorder caused by severe deficiency of thiamine better known as the vitamin B-1. Sometimes both these types of amnesia may occur together, sometimes called total or global amnesia.

Treacher Collins syndrome is a genetic disorder that affects the development of craniofacial. It results abnormalities in face and head due to hypoplasia of facial structures such as the lower jaw (mandible), cheekbones and abnormal small chin micrognathia. In addition, some patients with this syndrome are also born with an abnormal opening in the roof of the mouth (cleft palate), but in severe cases, hypoplasia of the facial bones may restrict the infant’s airway of breathing causing life-threatening respiratory

Non-epileptic Seizures occurs with an injury to the head or an illness. Partial Seizures is a condition that causes repeated seizures. Generalized Seizures takes place on both sides of the brain. Anything that affects the body also may disturb the brain and lead to a seizure. For example, fever, brain defect present at birth, brain infection, stroke,