Cultural Exchange Through Cultural Appropriation

Cultural exchange is a reciprocal transfer of artefacts, rituals or technologies between cultures with equal levels of power. Cultural dominance is the use of influence or control in a context in which the dominant culture has been appropriated by the subordinated culture. Cultural exploitation is the appropriation of a subordinated culture by the dominant culture without permission or compensation. Transculturation is culturally created from multiple cultures such that identifying of the single origin of the formal culture is problematic. In this essay, it will explain mostly on exploitation on cultural appropriation.

As a result they can be accused as appropriating white culture or acting white (Malik, 2016). This is assimilating ones’ self into the national culture and not cultural appropriation. A newcomer learning the host language and local culture for example is expected and is not appropriation. To enforce such a notion is to enforce radical authoritative separation of people based on social notions around race. Some individuals have different national and cultural heritage or even multiple cultural heritages which can result in unique cultural expressions by default and may be accused of cultural appropriation as a

Unlike Marx who views Multiculturalism from the theory heading downwards Dalrymple views multiculturalism from the ground going up. His day to day experiences prove that "not all cultural values are compatible or can be reconciled by the enunciation of platitudes. " This means that although multiculturalists support the idea that people should embrace different cultures, there are many challenges that make implementation difficult. Dalrymple argues that the idea that we can co-exist in a society whereby the law doesn't favor one culture at the expense of another one is a lie. In short, the author's main argument is that some cultural values will always be superior to others in every society and the idea that all cultural values can be compatible with every ethnic group makes no

It concerns him because this kind of equality refers to traditional distributive principles that are practiced universally and social goods are being singly owned or monopolized by individuals or elites (and this good needs to be shared equally within society). Ultimately “simple equality” focuses on the monopolization of social goods. Walzer believes that because of this focus on monopoly, it is favourable for tyranny. Why exactly is it favourable for tyranny? Further effort, power and state intervention would consistently be required to redistribute goods, thereby creating a situation that is harder to resolve.

According to this perspective, they claim that while members of ethnic minorities may be prejudiced against members of the dominant culture, they lack the political and economic power to actively oppress them, and they are therefore incapable of "racism". The precise usage of this term is still in the process of defining, but this sure has become an objective existence in this

Due to the constant contact between various people of the nation, there is some kind adaptation of one kind of culture from other. The impact of such contribution of culture is known as the culture legacies. Each national history and culture unfolds in its own particular way. Sometimes it could be the explanation for people’s previously inexplicable behaviors. In Chapter six of Outliers, Gladwell claims that cultural legacies “play such a role in directing attitudes and behaviors that we cannot make sense of our world without them”(175).

Broadly defined, cultural appropriation is the use of the aspects of one culture by members of other cultures (Young, 2010). However, it is important to note that not all cultural appropriation is equal. In his synthesis, Richard A. Rogers (2006) categorised cultural appropriation into four groups: cultural exchange, cultural dominance, cultural exploitation, and transculturation. The debates surrounding cultural appropriation mainly focused only the usage of a subordinated culture by a dominant culture without permission, which Rogers identified as cultural exploitation. This is different from cultural exchange and transculturation, which is done on equal basis, and cultural dominance, which is done by the subordinated

According to Hofstede, nations have different cultures based on certain values and communication styles, that differentiate them from another. Moreover, Phau and Prendergast (2007) stated that in order to make an advertising effective and relevant, advertisers need to pay great attention to the cultural values of the country they are targeting. Although many researches have investigated advertising, race and culture individually, the relationship between racial prejudice in advertising and culture seems to have yet been researched. Moreover, Salvatore & Shelton, 2007, mentioned that prejudices’ acts have taken a contemporary form and have become subtle and ambiguous in comparison to “old-fashioned” forms of prejudice.

At these levels, you really are looking at the culture as a whole and not just how it affects an individual. An indivudal client may not subscribe to all of their cultural beliefs and practices, but you do not know which ones they might until you begin working with them, so it is important to have a grasp of the cultural as a whole and a willingness to respect all aspects of it. It can be a challenge to understand the differences between groups in each culture, but awareness and willingness are key. As an example, I personally have become friends with someone who is Native American, and she has told me about the culture and beliefs they learn in her tribe. She has also emphasized to me that her subgroup is different from the larger tribe, and the larger tribe is different from the “umbrella” we place all Native Americans under.

In this essay I will be discussing the concept of toleration and its importance for pluralist societies. The concept of toleration is difficult to understand because when you tolerate someone or something you do not necessarily agree with it, you just do not act out in violence because of it. Tolerance shows that individuals acknowledge that other individuals have the right to believe in what they want to even though it may not be what others also believe in. This acknowledgment is important in a pluralist society because in order for a pluralist society to exist and function well, the society must practice the act of tolerance. In a pluralistic society, there are a diverse group of religious cultures and traditions.

While those who argue in favor of assimilation possibly argue from a position of National preservation, those who argue against it potentially argue from the perspective of immigrant preservation. However, in his essay “Assimilation & the persistence of culture”, James Bennett suggests that anti-assimilation sentiments can also originate from a place of Nationalism in that, “By global standards, the culture and social systems of the English-speaking nations are some of the most individualistic. Interactions with other cultures therefore inherently involve a challenge to those features of our culture and a challenge by our culture to the less individualistic, less free features of theirs” (Bennett). Further anti-assimilation arguments claim