What Is Erikson's Relationship With Ambivalent Children

mistrust is that while a child is in its young ages from birth to even two years old they are developing their sense of trust with the world and their caregivers. Once this initial sense of trust is established it is long lasting and often sticks with them for the entirety of their lives. This is shown brilliantly in the first novel. Dave’s terrible abuse did not start until he was four years old, so his initial sense was to trust. Even though his mother did terrible things to her he always had an underlining trust for her. This is shown when he is caught trying to steal a quarter from a pizza shop and buy food with it where he is caught by the cook. The cook speaks with him and then he is soon picked up by a police officer, but when asked why he ran away from home he never gave away everything about his mother, he could have told the police officer everything she has done but he kept quiet and was picked up by his father and they just stated it was a misunderstanding. Also at the very end of the second novel when he is talking with his mother on the phone before leaving for the Air Force, he could have expressed his anger and say how terrible she was but he did

According to Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development, trust vs. mistrust, occurs in the first year of life. Erikson believed that the caregiver’s response to the infant’s cries help them develop a sense of trust, when the caregiver responds right away to the infant’s distress of crying or fussing (Mooney, 2000). Erikson believed that in the earliest years of life, mainly during infancy, patterns of trust or mistrust are formed that control, or at least influence, a person’s actions or interactions for the rest of life (Erikson, 1950).

Both Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky believed that children build knowledge through experiences. Piaget believed this occurred through exploration with hands-on activities. Vygotsky, on the other hand, believed that children learn through social and cultural experiences. This process is mediated by the interactions that take place with peers and adults. While collaborating with others through interactions, children learn the traditions, values, beliefs, and language of their culture. For this reason, families and educators ought to supplement children with plenty of social interaction. Vygotsky believed language is an imperative device for thought and assumes a key part in cognitive development. He introduced the

Two theories that will be discussed in this paper is Erik Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development and John Bowlby’s Theory of Attachment. Erikson’s theory is considered psychosocial, emphasizing the importance of social and cultural factors within a lifespan, from infancy to later adulthood. Erikson’s theory is broken down into eight consecutive age-defined stages. During each stage, a person experiences a psychosocial crisis that contributes to their personality development. Erikson was highly influenced by Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytical Theory of Development. Although, at first Freud was limited to childhood based on the phallic stage, Erikson focused on developing a lifespan theory. The eight stages are as followed:

For a child to grow up having a bright future, it is necessary that from a young age, he or she develops a healthy childhood as well as being raised in a healthy family structure. Every child should have the right to be raised in a healthy family structure and the ideal one is being raised by a mother (female) and a father (male). Being raised by the same-sex parenting is harmful, complicated, and confusing for children, although it is already confusing for them the idea that people of the same-sex are getting married. Children can be comparable to little sponges that absorb everything they observe or hear, especially by their parent’s actions. Their earliest exposure to what it means to be male or female comes from their parents; for example, they see their father shaving as well as their mother applying makeup on her face. Parents’ genders teach children the gender role they have in the world. Children with an ideal family have the opportunity to relate to both sexes. On the other hand, same-sex parenting is harmful to children because it is very limited for them and also they tend to be more likely to be sexually confused and the psychological help must be required for them.

In the first stage of Erikson’s model, infant explore the world. While their exploration, it can be foreseeable that they face difficulties. If infant can find someone to relied on or receiving care, love from the surrounding, trust could be developed. Having the sense of trust encourage infant keep on discover more uncertainty since they have a hope that they can gain support whenever they face obstacles. For example, when infant first meet dog, they curious about the animals and try to touch it. The dog bark at the infant, they infant will fear at the animals if they cannot get immediate support from parents. However, if the parents care about the baby and tell the baby not to afraid, the baby could have the hope that whenever he/she faces the challenges, their parents would offer help. Hope help infant to develop a positive identity which they are cared by someone, on the contrary, mistrust lead to negative social identity.

While you might think of child development as something that begins during infancy, the prenatal period is also considered an important part of the developmental process. Prenatal development is a time of remarkable change that helps set the stage for future child development.

Lev Vygotsky's, cultural-historical theory of cognitive development is focused on the role of culture in the development of higher mental functions, such as speech and reasoning in children. His theory is sometimes referred to as having a sociocultural perspective, which means the theory emphasizes the importance of society and culture for promoting cognitive development. He emphasized the role of social interactions and culture in development. And he believed that adults in a society foster children's cognitive development in an intentional and systematic manner by engaging them in challenging and meaningful activities.

Insecure attachment is “characterized by fear, anxiety, anger, or indifference.” (Berger 2014, pg.193). An infant becomes insecurely attached to his caregiver when the child has learned that there are no positive effects to emotional expressions. For example, when a caregiver allows the child to “cry it out” and is unresponsive to the child’s needs, the child will learn that his needs will not be fulfilled by others. This results in the child not being able to develop any emotional awareness and might feel emotionally detached from his caregiver. Insecure attachment affects a child’s brain development which in turn impacts interactions with others, resilience, confidence and the ability to explore their environments. Insecure attachment contributes to “cognitive vulnerability to depression, specifically, dysfunctional attitudes.” (Lee & Hankin, 2009). Some characteristics of an insecurely attached child includes the inability to deal with stress, low self esteem, a lack of self control, and pseudo-independent behaviors. These children often behave as if they know that adults are inconsistently available. They do not seek an adult for help when in distress or dealing with a situation, or they avoid the caregiver

My parents comforted me as a child and were very consistent in their love towards me. I am the only girl with 3 brothers and so I was given a lot of attention as a child and was treated like a princess and so this has influenced me to be secure teenager. My father is very protective over me as I will be always be his baby girl and he shows huge amounts of affection daily and this has greatly influenced me to be a healthy young woman who can allow affection from others and is able to have intimate relationship with others. My mother is like my best friend and this emphasises the fact that she was always sensitive towards me as a child and always made the right decisions for me and now I am able to distinguish from right and wrong because of my mother’s attachment. Having a good relationship with one’s mother is detrimental to a child’s development according to Coon & Mitterer

As babies, depending on others is an essential part of life. Babies need food, shelter, protection and nurturance, which is provided by the caregiver. “According to Erikson, this extended period results in the first stage of psychosocial development being centered on forming a sense of trust” (Papalia & Martorell, 2015, p. 171). Stated in Erikson’s eight stages of psyhchosocial development, babies first challenge involves in forming a basic sense of trust versus mistrust. Trust allows a baby to feel safe and love. The sense of mistrust have babies feeling that those around them cannot be counted on in their time of need. This stage begins at infancy and gradually continues to about 18 months. Balancing between both, babies typically predominates

For Instance, Maria, a 17-month-old girl, does not explore and is not interested in the toys in front of her. Maria Is clinging to her mother. Although Maria mother is with her maria is showing ambivalent behavior as she clings to her mother and demonstrating that she is anxious, even with her mother's proximity. When her mother leaves and a stranger enters the room, Maria is very distressed, cries and seems to be afraid of the stranger. Maria is experiencing separation and stranger anxiety. Maria seems to be distress as why her mother not there and has left her and if weary of the stranger. When her mother returns, Maria starts to approach her mother, but also appears angry, pushing her mother away. It seems that Maria is displaying mix emotions of content, yet upset at her mother when she returns, giving a clear sign that Maria has an ambivalent attachment. A bit similar disorganized-disoriented attachment, but children tend to be confused as they approach mother, but do not know how to react, which differ from avoidant attachment children do not show any kind of reaction towards their mother and don't seek

Erik Erikson’s stage of psychosocial cognition describes the eight stages of a developing human being and how they should go through their lifecycle. The individuality stage meets and then describes the challenges that an individual would experience. I will try to explain how Forrest Gump will relate to Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development assumption. Forrest Gump perceive many motions as he developed throughout his life. We often coin these changes that Erikson mentions in this movie. His model conveys the biological and sociological forces that Forrest goes through to effectively outgo from infancy to adulthood.

The 1800’s marked the foundation of modern era studies of child development. Prior, children were viewed as inherently evil (original sin view) and at some point as “a blank blanket” that inherits characteristics through child experiences (tabula rasa view) (Santrock, 2011). Comprehending child development is a pivotal aspect of Child and Youth Development (CYD). With an understanding of child development, Child and Youth Care (CYC) workers can improve their approaches to children. For the purpose of this essay, a child developmental theory will be referred to as an approach and development will be defined as “the pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the life span” (Santrock, 2011, pp.6). This essay

Throughout this course of four weeks, my perspective of child development has changed drastically in this short amount of time. This was my first class that was related to child development and there was a lot of material that was important to learn and understand. I came to this class with not much knowledge, but I am definitely leaving this class with an abundance of information that I will be able to use in my career or just in general.