Hunter Estes
Unit 2, Lesson 2
Gillespie’s Influence, a Legacy of Discrimination and Bigotry
George Gillespie played a key role in the formation of the American Union’s fledgling government. Through his works, he convinced our Founding Fathers that civil government should be kept separate from the government of the church. By forcing this, he opened the door to arguments that shut religion out of politics and suppress the wishes of a large portion of our society. Today, we hold the “separation of church and state” to be one of the most important parts of our constitution, but we must confront the uncomfortable fact that, for much of American history, the phrase "separation of church and state" have often been expressions of exclusion, intolerance,
In Federalist No. 78, Alexander Hamilton lays out his vision for the Supreme Court of the United States. In this essay, Hamilton explains that the court should function as a “bulwark against majoritarian excesses,” (O’Brien 181) to protect the rights of the minority, from the tyranny of the majority. Hamilton makes the assurance that the court will use separation of powers as a “check” on Congress in order to protect against popular will (O’Brien 22). To accomplish this, the court had to function as an independent body to “safeguard” against “occasional ill humors in the society,” (O’Brien 349) in the event that popular will was harmful to the minority. Conversely, in his opinion for the Marbury v. Madison case, Chief Justice John Marshall
“Richard Henry Lee’s Objection to the Constitution” and James Madison’s “The Federalist No. 51” contend about the positive and negative effects of the Constitution. Both essays are important documents for early American history, and both contain valid points. James Madison, however, presents the better argument with his diplomatic, content, and logical approach. “The Federalist No. 51” begins with a question about how America can properly divide government power (Madison 1). Madison believes the Constitution is the answer because it gives the foundations and tools to keeping the power of the government for the people.
“Tell them from ME, at MY request, for God’s sake, to cease these conversations and threatening about a separation of the Union. It must hang together as long as it can be made to.” (Alexander Hamilton, 44) The author's main purpose in explaining these views is not to settle the dispute of
The Federalist feared that war with France was inevitable given “rumors spread about a possible French invasion of America, one that allegedly would be supported by American traitors and a large number of French emigres that had grown to more than 20,000” (Gragg 1998, para. 4). These rumors were not completely unfounded given the sharp increase in the immigrant population. They were anxious that these immigrants including “60,000 Irish newcomers, some who had been exiled for plotting against British rule” along with British radical and the aforementioned French emigres would “mobilize the destitute” against the young nation (Gragg 1998, para. 5). In response to these fears, the Federalist sought to control immigration and limit individual liberties in order to protect the nation’s
This document shows modern views about religious tolerance and acceptance. Puritan based, the colony in Connecticut passed the Connecticut Blue Laws, which were similar to the Laws before. These laws forbade any resistance to authority. This was the first time for the start of a large self-government, where 3 towns came together to form one
William Novak presents an argument on how the history of American government has been told upside-down for many years now. Novak depicts a mighty American state, capable of a great deal and responsible for some of the most important narratives in American history. However, there were many people, of whom had great interest in the founding fathers, were irritated by Novak’s argument. The main group of people being referred to here were people from the Tea Party political movement.
Throughout the course of America’s history there are many events of injustice: the mistreatment of Native Americans, using African Americans as personal property, and accusing men and women in Salem, Massachusetts of witchcraft. The Salem witch trials occurred many years ago in 1692. In the Puritan community, religion was a huge part of life. It controlled most of people’s everyday activities and was a way to find hope in their difficult, unglamourous lives. According to History.com, “Puritans were portrayed by their enemies as hair splitters who slavishly followed their bibles as guides to daily life” (Delbanco).
“It is yourselves who have called us to this office… we have our authority from God”. The “little speech” delivered by John Winthrop after his impeachment of “having exceeded his authority” made a strong impression on his view of natural liberty as corrupt and moral liberty as “proper end and object of society” and his authority to rule “by God to maintain law”. Winthrop’s view of authority is upon God, the divine ruler that “maintain law”. Winthrop creates a tone of seriousness to showcase his view.
Countless citizens in the 1840s and 1850s, feeling a sense of mission, believed that Almighty God had “manifestly’’ destined the American people for a hemispheric career. They would spread their uplifting and ennobling democratic institutions over at least the entire continent. Land greed and ideals—“empire’’ and “liberty’’—were thus conveniently conjoined. 14. What political party cost Henry Clay the popular vote in the state of New York, & what is ironic about Polk’s election in 1844 regarding this party’s position on Texas?
Tobin describes how Anne Hutchinson’s views on Puritan belief led to a historical controversy on the matter of religion and feminism in the early colonial establishment of Massachusetts. Anne Hutchinson drew much attention after voicing criticism to the Puritan form of religious views and believed one should focus on their primary relationship with God, rather than their lawful duties to society, “Hutchinson saw God in the spirit and in inspiration” (256). Nearly all of the Puritan minsters were appalled by Anne Hutchison’s criticism toward their teachings. Not only did the minister leaders feel Anne’s actions were out of place, but they also feared for their standing in power of the church. Tobin explains how Hutchison expressed her opinions without doubt or shame due to her sex, which led to growing feminist tension in the times that followed.
To those living in British America in the 1700’s, religion was a central fixture of everyday life. One’s denomination was intrinsically tied up in one’s ethnic and social identity, and local churches in the mid-Atlantic depended upon the participation and donations of their parishioners to survive. However, as the 18th century progressed, poorer farmers and ministers across the diverse sects of colonial America came to resent the domination of church life by the upper class. In a parallel development, a split had grown between the rationalists, who were typically wealthy, educated and influential men who represented the status quo, and the evangelicals, who disdained the impersonal pretention of the rationalists and promoted a spiritual and
Derek Montelongo RWS-200 Professor Cissel 2/15/23 Segregation is a topic that is synonymous with most of the United State’s history. On the cornerstone of breaking into a new world free of segregation, George Wallace, the newly elected governor of Alabama, strives to keep the staple of segregation for eternity. Wallace makes his famed, controversial 1963 inaugural speech in Alabama, where he declares to defend the core values of the south against the federal government. Prior to his election as governor, George Wallace was nowhere near the racial extremist he portrayed himself to be during his campaign. During his time being a member of the Alabama House of Representatives, Wallace considered himself to be a progressive liberal, gaining support even from the NAACP.
[..][T]he present is an age of philosophy, and America the empire of reason.” This early reasoning guided them in developing a government that was not only more democratic but ensure separation of powers and proper legal review. The key concepts and ideas that were developed during these dramatic years, shaped our system of
“Religious liberty might be supposed to mean that everybody is free to discuss religion. In practice, it means that hardly anybody is allowed to mention it.” ― G.K. Chesterton Many occasions in the United States history have shown that religion has caused many controversial questions. These questions have brought the American Justice System to a running halt, leading society to begin to ponder about the importance of freedom of religion, true meanings of the free exercise and establishment clause, and if there should be limitations imposed on the free exercise of one’s religious beliefs.
Religious symbols being displayed in schools has caused a significant amount of controversy and debate, particularly in what could be considered a more liberal and free thinking global society. The state of societies and nations today seem to follow a secular position of government with there being no influence of religion on the operations of government. However, a more common scenario is that of a clear distinction between religion and state. Whilst the question posited asks us to determine whether or not school should display religious symbols in the classroom, the more significant question should be to what extent is there a separation of state and religion, and can it be justifiable in a supposed secular state for religious symbols to