Unplanned Organizational Change

As Kotter states, Change Leadership uses a “bigger lens” and larger changes, while Change Management uses a smaller and more controlled group to change the process, which leads to smaller changes. Getting others to change by Management and Leadership styles is a source of power. Influencing, directing and using one’s status to change begins and ends with sources of

In the changing phase individuals choose a new favourable way of doing things. The refreezing stage involves the chosen new approach becoming established within the organisation. Lewin believed all three stages were required for successful change, trying to skip one or more would be an unintelligent move. Types of change. According to Beer, Eisenstat & Spector, 1990, there are two main types of change.

James is able to process any adjustment by assimilating, accommodating and equilibrating the experiences that comes his way. James assimilates when he uses an existing schema to deal with a new experience, object or situation. Accommodation happens when the existing schema (existing knowledge gained) cannot apply to a new experience or situation, and needs to be changed to deal with the new experience, object or situation. Equilibration is the force behind learning, the more James experiences new objects, gather more knowledge, having new evidences, his brain accommodates and think differently, changing his understanding of the new schema thereby causing him to equilibrate, act differently and demonstrate a new behavior or thinking. Should James ‘ball’ get stuck again, his chances of success will be rated higher than the author’s initial

prior practices (Harris & Roussel, 2009). Lippitt's stage of sustaining change is key as successful change can habitually retrogress to outdated, former practices (Carney 2000, Cork 2005). 3.3 Prochaska and DiClemente’s Change Theory This theory propagates stages of change model and these stages consist of one constituent of the trans-theoretical model of behavior change as it integrates vital concepts from other theories. This model explains the stages of change, the progression of change and means to measure change. (Prochaska & Prochaska, 2009).

Discontinuous change: The changes which is set apart by fast moves in procedure, culture and structure or in every one of the three. 2- Tushman et al: Depends on : - Manage the transition. - Motivate. - Build in stability of processes and structures. - Shape the political dynamics of change.

and Kashiwagi D. (2016) this project management model utilizes expertise instead of the traditional management, direction, and control (MDC). This new project management model is a leadership-based model instead of a management model. The practice of the new model requires a change in paradigm and project management structure. Some of the practices of this new paradigm include minimizing the flow of information and communications to and from the project manager [including meetings, emails and documents], eliminating technical communications, reducing client management, direction, and control of the vendor, and the hiring of vendors or personnel to do specific tasks. A vendors is hired only after they have clearly shown that they know what they are doing by showing past performance on similar projects, that they clearly understand how to create transparency to minimize risk that they do not control, and that they can clearly outline their project plan using a detailed milestone schedule including time, cost, and tasks all communicated in the language of

Think of it like this - if you always do the same things day in and day out, things will never change. At times, you won't know the best course of action until you have tried other things. So, if you allow it, personal development can be used to create habits that lead to success. -Your place of power is the present moment. Each conscious decision that you make or action you take happens in the present moment.

To nurture manpower in the organization that can work on both exploitative and exploratory endeavors, the appraisal process needs to be more development-oriented with long-term orientation (Chan, Shaffer, and Snape, 2004; Collins and Clark, 2003). Normally, appraisals have been found to be result based with little weight given to behavioral based criteria. The system must be adaptable to shift between the twin criteria of evaluations when assessing employees working on exploratory or exploitative work activities. Many times, force fitting results in distributions that are not actually normal but are forced to be so. Several scholars have in fact gone against the prevalent view and argued that employee performance may not always follow the normal distribution it is expected to (Bernardin & Beatty, 1984; Murphy & Cleveland, 1995; Saal et al., 1980; Schmidt & Johnson, 1973).

Change agents can be seen as managers and leaders of change and assist change recipients to deal with ushering in a change. It is often shown that resistance to change is attributed to the change recipients as well as, according to what Ford, Ford & D’Amelio (2008) state, that change agents are a part of the reason that brings about resistance to change (pg. 362). In cases where this situation exists, change agents put themselves at a higher risk of failing to achieve change initiatives. These change agents can bring about more resistance to change as well.

It has stated the problems and the purposes relating to leadership and change management. The change and innovation factor and the leadership skills and abilities have been detailed in the article. Hence together with these factors leadership skills and abilities and how to bring about the innovative changes can be applied to the organizations effectively (Lewin, Goodman, & Frandt, 2001). Limitations of the article Just like the strengths, the article has its own limitations relating to the subject matter of leadership and change management issues. Some of them have been identified below.