John M. Swales: A Genre Analysis

English was originally the language of England, but through the historical efforts of the British Empire it has become the first or second language of many former British colonies such as the United States, Canada, Australia and India. Reasons like its relatively easy structure, its flexibility, its wide vocabulary range, the brevity of its words or the extremely important influence that Anglo speaking countries have nowadays have caused English to become the first language of not only countries actively touched by British imperialism, but also many business and cultural spheres dominated by those countries, being the first language of about 400 million people, the second language of around 300 million more and the foreign language of approximately

The important role it plays is mainly to find out the nature of the texts and their specific features, this is the rhetorical structure of research articles, in order to help the writers differentiate texts and thereby help them write better. One of the pioneers in the genre analysis of research articles was John M. Swales, who created what he called the CARS model, which stands for: Creating A Research Space. This model described to a large extent the move-step structure of research articles ' introductions. A move can be defined as the specific function of each part of the research article. Throughout the history of applied linguistics there have been a series of specialists like Swales that have also studied all of these phenomena, some of them are: Dudley Evans (1994), who focused on the Discussion section of Biology articles, Thompson (1993) studied the Result section in Biochemistry and Sociology articles, respectively, Holmes (1997) focused on Social Sciences (History, Political Science and Sociology) and Peacock (2002) on Physics, Biology, Environmental Science, Business, Language and Linguistics, Public and Social Administration, and Law studied the moves within the Discussion

One of them is that it helps the translator become aware that different professional genres require different steps of restructuring. Besides, genre analysis before the translation work aids the translator to keep in mind the macrostructure of both, the source text and target text, to be aware of the context of situation which helps to form the target text and to notice the role played by the "generic structure" when they begin to construct the target text. Then, with the generic features of the target text in mind, the translator can organize its structure and select the appropriate words and expressions in a more efficient and effective manner. Translation studies can benefit from discourse analysis as one can observe rhetorical patterns common to certain genres and to certain languages, develop a control of the metalanguage and build prototypes. The prediction and recognition of genres facilitates comprehension and the writing of similar