Destruction of art and architecture is destruction of humanity, annihilating the roots of civilization and direct impact on the economy, social life and beliefs of a nation. Belief is just a portion of culture while culture is a set of beliefs, traditions and behaviors that people express and hold. “The whole complex of distinctive, spiritual, material, intellectual and emotional features that characterize a society or societal groups. It includes not only arts and letters, but also modes of life, the fundamental rights of the human being, value systems, traditions and beliefs” (UNESCO, 1982). The main point of any culture is its perspective on creation, the purpose of life and on an afterlife and hence every community’s religious beliefs is …show more content…
The power and importance of religion caused it to be politically misused to incite to violence, hatred, and wars. Use of religion as a tool is one of the main ways for pursuing violence in the form of destruction by terrorism and therefore, one of the powerful weapons of terrorism is destruction of cultural heritage, tearing humanity from the history it shares. This cultural cleansing is a tactic to erase memories, propagate intolerance and undermine societies. “Cultural heritage is an important component of the cultural identity of communities, groups and individuals, and or social cohesion, so that it’s intentional destruction may have adverse consequences on human dignity and human rights.” (Ruggles, …show more content…
In my opinion Art and Architecture in modern era of terrorism plays a complementary role for terrorist attacks to either be:
• A symbolic act to show their power and create an image of horror and fear to the people around the world.
• Larger destruction footprint.
Similar to the technological world, that it is used as a supporting system and more effective for them to raise their voice and deliver their messages to the world, as an example, killing one person in front of the camera is more effective and frightening than killing hundred in secret, art and architecture also similarly play a complementary role.
World trade centers or twin towers of New York City, America, the heart of America’s economy on 11th September 2001 after less than half a century life turned into ruins by the largest terrorist group, Al Qaeda
The Alfred P. Murrah Federal building bombing of Oklahoma City, U.S on 19th April 1995 by Terry Nichols and Timothy McVeigh a domestic terrorist group damaged 324
The twin towers were targeted by a terrorist attack before 9/11. It was in 1993, a truck ran into the north tower with a urea nitrate–hydrogen gas enhanced device. It was meant to make the North Tower fall in the South Tower. Like Killing two birds with one stone. This would have killed thousands of lives, but unfortunately the North Tower stood its ground and did not fall.
Upon detonation the bomb tore all the north side of the federal building. This act of terrorism began an era in United States history that would have a toll for years to follow. (1) In the days, weeks and months following this terrible act, many public agencies,
On April 19th, 1995, the bombing of Oklahoma City was the deadliest act of terrorism within the United States of America prior to September 11th of 2001, when the planes crashed into the World Trading Center in Manhattan New York City. The Oklahoma City bombing remains to be the deadliest act of domestic terrorism in the history of America. The main bomber’s name was Timothy McVeigh, age 26, and he had a build up of anger against the US federal government, which led him to bombing the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. Timothy McVeigh was one of the three people associated with this crime, the other two people were Terry Nichols, age 40 and Michael Fortier, age 26. McVeigh was convicted and found guilty, he was sentenced
“The Oklahoma City Bombing was the deadliest act of terror against the United States on American Soil until the attacks of September 11, 2001.” (Casey). The bombing was the hottest topic around the world for six whole years and is still very well know to this
This is relevant because people had lost their lives because they believed in certain religions. Document one states that “In Europe, crusaders sometimes turned their fury against jews, massacring entire communities.” This is interesting because When christians and muslims had gotten
With an event like that of the World Trade Center, the entire essay could be seen as one large play on emotion. Many people were directly affected by the attacks and would respond to the essay with great sympathy. For example, Ashmawy says “. . . the death of any individual terrorist will secure us against another attack by Islamic extremists.” This statement strikes fear into the reader with the possibility that another attack, like 9/11, could happen again, even if the leaders and followers of terrorists groups were to die.
The explosion destroyed one-third of the building. 168 people were killed in the bombing. Another infamous terrorist attack was the bombing of Pan-Am flight 103. It occurred on a Boeing 747 flying from London to New York City.
9/11 in New York is the historical tragedy memory to friends and family. This event have shocked many people lives and will not be forgotten. It also affected the market, building, and business. In addition, it left businesses, offices,people who lived apartments, and neighbors being bankrupt, jobless, and homeless. Terrorists caused a huge impact corrupting buildings and innocent lives.
The events of 9/11 were a highly significant tragedy that had profound global implications. The attacks on the Twin Towers resulted in an immense loss of life, with 2,977 deaths, numerous casualties, and extensive destruction. Beyond the immediate human toll, the attacks triggered far-reaching changes in society and government. They prompted violent military responses and led to the establishment of Homeland Security in the US, accompanied by counter-terrorism campaigns and the enactment of the USA Patriot Act under President George Bush. Moreover, the attacks harmed Islamic views, increasing stereotypes and biases.
In Richard Kearney’s article “Terror, Philosophy and The Sublime”, he begins with the statement “how can we understand the ‘terror’ of September 11th?” (23), Kearney begins to summarize the event of September 11th and the decision the United States made after the attack. In his second paragraph he relates his own experience from visiting a exhibition about “Terrors and Wonders” showing the representation of different monsters and how we see them today. Kearney uses his personal experience by trying to understand the “terror” of September 11th along with extensive research to show his credibility. The rhetorical appeals of logos, pathos and ethos creates an argument showing readers how we as americans are able to get through a monstrous situation.
September 11 left lasting effects on the citizens of the U.S. As George W. Bush told us, “Terrorist attacks can shake the foundations of our biggest buildings, but they cannot touch the foundation of
In 1993 the World Trade Centre experienced its first terrorist attack when a large bomb exploded in the subterranean parking area. Six people were killed and more than a thousand injured7. Beacham and McManus state that security specialists agreed that America’s financial industry was a principal target for future terrorist attacks, and warned that disaster recovery plans were out-of-date and primarily focused on
On September 11, 2001, two terrorist planes flew into the twin towers and another into the Pentagon. Almost 3,000 people were killed during the 9/11 attacks, which led to U.S. initiatives to fight terrorism and defined the presidency of George W. Bush History.com History.com Editors, “September 11 Attacks: Facts, Background & Impact,” History.com (A&E Television Networks, 2010). The terrorists were motivated by Al Qaeda, whose leader Osama bin Laden was sheltered in Afghanistan and associated with some of the leaders of the Taliban government, Lara Keay, “9/11 Anniversary: Who Were the September 11th Attackers and What Are the Links with the New Taliban Regime? ,” Sky News, 2021.
After a terrorist attack of any kind there are always consequences that must be faced. Sometimes the point of the terrorist attacks is because the organization wished to send a message or to influence policy in their favor. However, after the 9/11 attacks administrators realized that the United States was not prepared for a tragedy of this kind and had little to no measures to prevent one, this lead them to create new programs and policies. Terrorist organization’s goal often comes down to one of the following: regime change, territorial change, policy change, social control and status quo maintenance. The main purpose of a terror attack may well be to influence public policy.
Terrorist campaigns were climbing in decades prior to 9/11. A group of terrorists attacked New York’s World Trade Center on February 26, 1993. The aim of this attack was to drive two bomb loaded trucks into the basement of a building to bring down both of the towers of the World Trade Center. The mission was not accomplished, but the attack did kill six people. The organizer of this attack was Ramzi Yousef, whose uncle went on to be the operational commander of the attack at the World Trade Center on 9/11.