Whistleblowing Literature Review

It occurs in media, music, Hollywood, and everyday life. The cultures which are mistreated are ones that have been abused in the past as well. This distortion of culture is often harmful and offensive, and it a problem that needs a solution. In modern society, culture is an issue that is debated often, as people argue whether the misrepresentation of minorities in media is really a problem that needs to be addressed because many do not realize the harm of it. Erich Hatala Matthes, professor of moral philosophy, says, “Cultural appropriation can often seem morally problematic.

Stress and subsequent aggression may also be induced due to perceptions of injustice in the workplace. As stated earlier, Robert Agnew’s General Strain Theory argues that strain is a cause of criminal behavior. He expands upon Robert Merton’s Anomie Theory to include several causes of strain. His categories of strain that produce deviance are, the failure to achieve positively valued goals, the loss of positive encouragement, and the introduction of negative stimuli. Simply put, when people are treated poorly, they may become upset and resort to criminal behavior.

Whistleblowing is the disclosure by a former or current staff member in the organisation of illegal, immoral or illegitimate practices, policies or person that may wrong or harm a third party (Mansbach & Bachner, 2010). Deciding if one should blow the whistle is often an extremely stressful and difficult decision for employees within an organisation. Employees often have to choose between the public good and loyalty towards their colleagues, supervisors or even employers (Mansbach, Kushnir, Ziedenberg & Bachner, 2014). Encouraging a pro-whistleblowing culture promotes effective and clear communication in the organisation which allows the reduction of misconducts, frauds or malpractices. Whistleblowing also bring the management’s or regulatory

Scapegoat theory refers to the tendency to blame someone else for one’s own problems, a process that often results in feelings of prejudice toward the person or group that one is blaming. Scapegoating serves as an opportunity to explain failure or misdeeds, while maintaining one’s positive self-image. If a person who is poor or doesn’t get a job that he or she applies for can blame an unfair system or the people who did get the job that he or she wanted, the person may be using the others as a scapegoat and may end up hating them as a result. However, if the system really is unfair and keeps the person from succeeding financially, or the other people got the job because of nepotism or illegitimate preferential treatment, then blaming those factors would not be scapegoating. Essentially, scapegoating generally employs a stand-in for one’s own failures so that one doesn’t have to face one’s own weaknesses., developed initially from (Dollard, J., 1939) frustration-aggression theory, suggests that the dominant group will displace their unfocused aggression onto a subordinate group.

The information of accused wrongdoing can be categorized in various ways such as: violation of company policies, violation of the law, threat to the public interest, threat to national security, fraud and corruption. Those who blow the whistle can bring the alleged information to surface either internally or externally. Internal disclosure would imply the indictments are exposed to the members of the company. While external disclosure would imply that the whistle blower brings the allegations to light by involving a third party outside the accused institution. He/she can involve the police, media, government or those who are concerned.

With each horrified look and each terrible first impression, especially if the crime was much more minor than most people would assume, the offender would feel more shame, but also more and more hate for the authority that requires them to have to go through such a shameful and likely ostracizing experience. As that hate grows, the likeliness for disobedience of law increases, the opposite of the intended

Utilitarianism express that actions are judged on whether they contribute to the good of everyone rather than detracting. If I tell the person the identification of the charging party I detract from proving good for everyone. I affect all four negative parties. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission gets harmed as they indirectly could get involved in a lawsuit. I get harmed because I would lose a job.

Being dishonest can sabotage my integrity, as well as, cause others to lose trust in me. If I take shortcuts on my job, falsify reports, and etc. it can place the public in danger because the Parole Board can base their parole decision for an inmate from the documentation in the case file. Falsifying case files is a crime, it is unethical, and can hurt the organization (Employsure, 2016). Possessing good ethics in the workplace set guidelines between what is appropriate and what is not.

Whistle-blowing is used to draw attention to an unethical or illegal activity and or behaviour. There are many difficulties in being a successful whistle-blower. The individual or individuals who whistle-blow are faced with: intimidation, harassment and retaliation; as well as the dilemma of being loyal to the company who pays them or serving the public’s best interests. There is always the possibility of losing their job and being put in a position where they will no longer be able to work in the industry. The above are just a few examples of the difficulties a whistle-blower can expect.

They are simply if people see or acting a wrong or inappropriate way reported to a higher authority. this includes cheating stealing or harassment in any form. IR codes can only work if the people in the society are all following it but if not the code cannot work or cause negative impact in the problem it intended to help. The broken Honor Code can lead to people feel like they have to cheat to stay ahead with the others that are cheating. although honor codes of the possibility to help a positive impact on society they are bad because without full cooperation of them members of the society the honor code will feel or have a negative impact on that Society.

Performance Improvement Plan is used to improve employee performance, modify behavior and correct discrepancies.Employees put under the PIP have their work closely monitored. However to employees the PIP is not really a positive thing. It should be considered as a final warning or the last step to being fired. Frequently, PIP is used by most managers especially in cop-orates and private industries to sabotage their employees future in the work places. Employees perceive it as the company 's way of gathering additional evidence to get them fired Risk involved: Protesting the PIP Employees should avoid over reaction and use the proper ways to protest.

Workplace bullies constantly involve overwhelmingly negative actions at work including the need to control, humiliate and embarrass to cause some kind of pain or personal distress. It can be associated with office politics, unclear expectations, dishonesty, withheld information, etc. Not only does workplace bullying have a connection with abusive supervision, it also has an increase with negative workplace performances. By promoting ethical practices, it could reduce workplace bullying and abnormality among co-workers. Agervold and Mikkelsen (2004), in one of the first studies, found that employees who were frequently exposed to bullying reported less job control, work tasks which were more unclear or contradictory, a management style which was less employee-oriented, and fewer social contacts with co-workers.