White Collar Crime Movement
1. In the early 1970’s sociologist Jack Katz (1980b) argued that the social movement that was against white collar crime in the United States emerged during that period and it was the most substantial attack on white collar crime since the early 20th century progressive movement. Which brought together the moral populist, muckraking journalist and organizations of civic minded concerned about the excesses and outrages of big business. This movement was in part one response to disillusionment with and declining confidence in the political and business leadership arising out of the Vietnam War protests the Watergate crimes of the Nixon White house and some high-profile cases of corporate misconduct (Friedrichs 1980a; Clinard and Yeager 1980; Cullen, Cavender, Maakestad, and Bensin 2006).
The Factor that continues to act as a constraint against the movement is the major war against terrorism which started in September 2001, it deflected public attention and Justice system
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(Calland and Dehn 2004; Glazer and Glazer 1999; Johnson 2002). Some factors that may inhibit them from exposing people involve in white collar crime is that they pay substantial price for their courageous actions (Johnson 2002; Nussbaum 2002). They suffer retaliation and traumatic personal consequences such as suicide, divorce, and the loss of home (MacNamara 1991).
4. There are different types of policy measures that can be adopted to encourage exposures of white crimes for example political cartoonist which have played a significant role in exposing white collar crime in the realm of the political corruption. The consumer movement, public interest group, NGOs, the role of the internet, the role of politicians and political institutions and CJ professional & criminologist (class
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