Why did Venice leave the Holy League in 1513 to join France?
The Holy League, which consisted of the Holy Roman Empire, the Papal States, Spain, Venice, and Milan, had a complicated relationship with the French throughout the late 15th and early 16th centuries (Britannica.com). This complicated relationship began when Ludovico Sforza of Milan, convinced Charles VIII of France to invade Italy. Ludovico was convinced that the current rulers of Naples were very power hungry and they were going to try and take over Milan and/or take over the other neighboring city states. However, when Charles VIII invaded and took control of Naples in 1494, he realized how wealthy and beautiful Naples was and he now wanted to take over the other Italian city-states. Sforza, now realizing that he had done more bad than good for himself, banded together a
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The Holy League had now come into new wealth previously obtained by the French. The Holy League, primarily Milan, fought over these new riches and the Holy League began to fall apart ( The King of Terror by William J. Moylan pg. 118). I believe that Venice probably turned against the Holy League because they did not feel they had a true alliance. Just a few short years before the Holy League launched a war against Venice (Britannica.com). The Venetians probably felt that they could not trust the people of the Holy League 100% because they had so easily declared war on them before. If I were Venice I would have a hard time trusting the people that went to war with me before. They may have also done it as a tactical plan. Or, Maybe their plan all along was to join the Holy League to gain the trust of all those powers whilst still keeping in touch with the French, then with the element of the surprise switch teams after learning the battle plans and ultimately win in the end. The whole time the Venetians were playing
This is important because this is in Constaniople in 1204, the Venetians, who had been hired to transport the crusaders, and the knights agreed to attack the Byzantine capital instead. The city was savagely taken with many lives lost. The Byzantine goverment went into exile in Nicosia and continued to fight the late occupiers until; 1261,when they recaptured tjeir capital. Were the results of the Crusades more positive or negative? The crusades had a positive and negative impact on the eastern and western worlds that were involved in the conflicts.
Although the Crusades failed the Holy Land, they had a lasting outcome on the way the Europeans lived. This is (important/interesting/relevant) because When the Crusaders returned they Europe they had brought back spices, sugar, and silk; many nobles and merchants enjoyed the new products and wanted more of them Document 2 states that Merchants in Venice and other northern Italian cities built large fleets to carry crusaders to the Holy Land. And later used those fleets to open new markets in the Crusaders’
They had a trading relationship as well. Many accusations and criticism were faced by the Venetians as a result of allying with the Ottomans. In addition, France and the Ottomans shared a mutual enemy, the Habsburgs. As a result, it was King Francis I who assisted Ottomans in expanding to the Habsburgs. On the other hand, Ottomans helped in the election of the French prince.
The speech of Urban II at Clermont in 1095 was the special moment, when he promised and guaranteed that any person who will join to the campaign would get Holy land and place in heaven. At that time believe in God and Holy land was very popular, so Urban II mostly affected on moral of the people. The effect was stunning; people from all parts of Western Europe started to think that moving to Jerusalem is their duty. Actually the main purpose of Urban II was to unite all Christians in Europe and to achieve his aim completely he reminded people that their lands are poor, while Muslims live in Holy lands under good conditions. Citizens were now strongly motivated and ready to invade irreligious opponents.
The Crusades Even though, Crusader States in the Holy Land were unsustainable because of political instability. Long term problems were caused by Western presence in the Outremer1 and the political situation in Europe throughout the period. In Europe, the form of political dissension among the leaders of the various crusades caused everything to fall. They were many causes to the Crusades unsustainability like, ongoing tension between the Normans and the Byzantine Empire2 which culminated in the Norman defeat at Durazzo in 1107. The other main arguments include the lack of support for Jerusalem, as well as the lack of manpower, the debatable lack of strong leadership, and to a certain extent the arrogance of the Crusaders.
Pope Urban II’s speech at Clermont in 1095 was a call to crusade given outdoors to the nobles, commoners and church leaders of the Western European Christians (the Franks). The people were moved by this speech and it changed history, launching the first crusade to capture Jerusalem from the Muslim Turks. After hearing Pope Urban II’s speech, thousands of Western European Christians were moved to embark on the dangerous journey and fight in the crusade. I believe the main reasons they were moved and persuaded to fight was; 1) they felt it was their Christian duty, 2) Pope Urban promised them absolution for their sins and 3) they felt compelled to defend Christianity, their holy land and the Eastern Christians.
There were various reasons that led to the fall of Constantinople at the hand of the Ottomans. For instance, the Byzantines were not only undermanned but also lacked adequate gunpowder and were ultimately unable to defend the land walls that protected the city (von Sivers, Desnoyers, and Stow 471). Mehmet repopulated Constantinople and appointed a new patriarch as head of the Eastern Christians, continued the expansion into the Balkans, and forced the hand of many rulers to submit to a vassal status (von Sivers, Desnoyers, and Stow 472). In the Balkans, the Ottomans were completing their conquest of Serbia and Hungary, and by the half of the 16th century the Ottoman empire became a huge multiethnic and multireligious state (von Sivers, Desnoyers, and Stow 473).
In Pope Innocent III’s papal decree, he applied various taxes and rules to regulate this war. The Pope encouraged that the Crusade would only succeed if everyone devoted their time, money, and work to the duty. According to Innocent III, “a tenth part of all our revenues in money and in kind is allotted for the aid of the eastern province [that is, the crusader states].”
The crusades happened because of many reasons. First the Turks took over the holy lands. Then the Byzantine Emperor wanted to regain the holy land, so he called for the church 's help. Pope Urban II didn 't want to look weak, so he arranged for the first crusade. That is the cause of the crusades.
The country saw the need of rebuilding their country after a long period of war among the people of different cities. Milan was considered as the most powerful city during the war period. The restoration of the Italian
Germany, Italy and others, including the United States wanted to expand their empires
Austria-Hungary wanted to expand into Serbian lands to counter the Slavs, as well as to secure the Mediterranean against the Russians. The British wanted the Balkans to gain advantages over the Russians. Added to the conflicting European nations, Christians were planning a rebellion to gain their freedom. The conflicting interests of the great powers escalated the tensions.
The Pope was usually in charge of sanctioning the missions and it was clear that the papacy was on board with the missions. Their main mission was to reclaim the Holy Lands from the Muslim people who had invaded it. In Robert the Monk, Pope Urban II’s Call to the 1st Crusade, the Pope is talking to a council that was convened in the city of Clermont and he is quoted saying “We wish you to know what a serious matter has led us to your country, for it is the imminent peril threatening you and all the faithful that has brought us hither. From the confines of
Many reformers such as Martin Luther, John Wycliff, and John Calvin played prominent roles in sixteenth-century Europe; they helped to reform Catholic churches and change the Europeans’ ways of thinking. “The Reformation was a rejection of the secular spirit of the Italian Renaissance” is a true statement. The main goal of the religious reformation was to bring back the former beliefs and practices of the Roman Catholic Church, which were based off of the bible; this went against the Renaissance ideas. Martin Luther was one of the many important reformers in sixteenth century Europe. Luther helped to completely change the church systems by writing his 95 theses.
Introduction For nearly 200 years, Christians engaged in a series of holy wars with the Muslims in what is now known as the Crusades. The First Crusade is marked by a specific act on November 27, 1095. In an open field, outside the city of Clermont in Auvergne, Pope Urban II gave an impassioned speech to the people gathered. In this speech, Urban II urged his hearers to take part in a military expedition to the East.