Essay On Interrogatives
Why study interrogatives: a brief review of earlier studies
In a syntactic viewpoint, an English ‘wh’-question is an interrogative sentence that begins with a ‘wh’ word for example; who, what, where, why, when, which indicates missing information. They are used to get the answer for missing information, like:
a. What did he drink?
b. Who likes Ram?
c. Where is Peter going?
d. Why did she eat that?
e. How to write “A”?
The ‘wh’-words are constantly produced at the beginning of the sentence in English. They deviate from the standard SVO word order and thus various studies in the past revealed that children acquire the wh – words in English before two years of age (Gertner, Fisher & Eisengart, (2006); Swensen, Kelley, Fein & Naigles,
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They also found that there were three general pragmatic functions, i. informational function, ii.directive function and iii. the conversational function which were the functions with questioning. Later James and Seebach (1982) studied on pragmatic functions of questions in preschool children (2-5 years) in spontaneous speech. They observed three pragmatic functions namely information seeking, conversational and directive. It was clear that 2 – 3 years produced questions for information seeking, whereas the 4 – 5 years used questions in a more evenly distributed way on the functional categories. The types of questions used by 2years were yes –no and what, the 3 years produced where, why and who. The 4-year olds used two types of questions, when and how, for information seeking and conversational function respectively. They also produced where, why and who for conversational and directive functions. The 5-year old children produced questions similar to 4-year olds, except they used it more for directives than as a conversational function. We can conclude from these two studies that the developmental pattern of questions used for different pragmatic functions develops in a similar pattern. Ervin – Tripp (1978) reported that as children grow older, they use questions as
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