12 Stress distribution for FML blade Fig. 13 Strain distribution for FML blade IV. ANALYSIS WITH NOTCH Similarly the blade profile with notch is imported to ANSYS and various structural analyses is performed using three materials, aluminium–6061–alloy, GFRP and FML and the results are pictorially represented from Fig.14 – Fig.22. It is observed that the maximum stress and strain values are higher and the total deformation is lower due to introduction of notch, which increases the stability of the turbine blade. Fig.
1.1. When a component of the aerodynamic force on the vehicle is aligned with the local wind vector, energy is extraction from the atmosphere takes place. Consider a section of the trajectory marked '1'. At that section the lift vector has a component along the wind speed vector, which is also of large magnitude, indicating the gain of significant energy. Along section '2', the directions of lift vector and the wind vector are nearly opposite, indicating a loss of total energy due to the winds.
The blade element momentum theory is used to evaluate the loads on each blade once the rotor is subjected [***].The BEM theory has been proofed to give good accuracy regarding the time cost [0].The BET relies on two significant conjecture: The force on the blade elements are merely determined exactly by the drag as well as lift coefficient [000]. No aerodynamic interactions between different blade elements Both assumption methods are considered to discuss. It consists of the blade element theory which split the rotor blades into element sections so as to determine the torque as well as thrust contribution of each segment. The momentum theory is introduced by the rotational and axial induction factors. The BEM is generally used for modeling wind turbines rotors [000].
III. CONCEPT OF THE ADAPTIVE WIND TURBINE In this section, the design of the wind turbine is explained. This device features an Inner Compression Cone Technology, which will squeeze and compress the incoming air in order to create more power in the turbine. Compressed Air Enclosed Wind Turbine completely eliminates the three massive blades seen on most wind turbines. The blades are internal, closer together and smaller.
Chapter 1 Introduction. In this chapter the basic knowledge of the wind turbine control theory and principles of control of variable-speed, variable blade-pitch-to-feather wind turbine will be described. The previous result made by Matthew Carl Homola, that describing work of standard turbine controller, will show that it is important to modify standard baseline controller. The advanced controller strategy with FAST simulation will be explain in chapter 5. In this chapter I will try to explain control principles by simple language in order to provide good understanding of main idea of the master thesis.
In our project we would be using mostly winds generated by fast moving vehicles on a highway and may be local winds and planetary winds in some special case (i.e. storm). WHY VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE? It is chosen due to the following advantages of this kind of turbine: No yawing mechanism is required because it can accept winds from all directions. The gearbox, generator etc.
There are tools available to pilots to help plan and avoid turbulence. The winds aloft graphic allows pilots to choose altitudes and see the temperature and winds velocities at that altitude for the entire United States. This allows for pilots to visually see where wind velocity and temperature shift drastically. Furthermore, the Aviation Weather Center produces a turbulence forecast which uses the eddy dissipation rate to identify areas of turbulent air. A pilot should also check the Pilot and Aircraft reports for any known turbulence along their route of flight and plan around them if possible.
Modern airfoils have evolved after years of theoretical and experimental research. The design philosophy of an airfoil is useful in many other disciplines that use Newtonian fluids. 3.7.2 Geometry of an Airfoil Figure 3.5: Geometry of an Airfoil [3] 1. Lift Coefficient (CL) Is a dimensionless coefficient that relates the lift generated by airfoil, the dynamic pressure of the fluid flow around airfoil, and a
(Short wide wings) Maneuverability: The low aspect ratio combined with different flight maneuvers allows the bird for more agility and easier movement. V. Work and Heat: The work done during bird flight can be calculated as follows: Work= Force x Distance x sinƟ Due to the Law of Conservation of Energy, heat is accumulated through bird flight. Having an average body temperature of 40°C, the birds will not simply store this extra heat. Instead, this amount of heat will be dissipated out of the wings. This is possible because of the existence of several air sacs.
It is also o shows that flow with high Reynolds Number is having higher Nusselt Number compare to the flow with lower Reynolds Number. It also observed that drop in Nusselt Number is more in the entry region and it becomes less in the exit region of the channel. 5.VARIATION OF PRESSURE DROP WITH RESPECT TO HYDRAULIC DIAMETER(Pascal) Fig 5.1 : Pressure drop vs Hydraulic diameter S.NO Hydraulic diameter (um) Pressure drop (kpa) L=20mm L=30mm 1 50 200 400 2 66.67 450 900 3 75 200 550 From the figure [3] it is seen that for given hydraulic diameter, the pressure drop chances is more for larger channel length. It also observed that the variation of decrease in pressure at different levels at different hydraulic diameters are showing same trend for different channel length. 6.SKIN FRICTION COEFFICIENT Fig 6.1 : skin