Secondly, the losses due to transmission is less. The better thermal management and the compactness of the switching regulator drives equal importance along with other features. 4.3 CLASSIFICATION OF CONVERTERS DC converter
INTRODUCTION Micro channels are widely used in various engineering applications to enhance the convective heat transfer. In 1981 Tuckerman and Pease [1] introduce the concept of microchannel heat sink. They compared microchannel heat sink with conventional heat exchanger microchannels. They concluded that microchannel heat sink have a low to moderate pressure drop, less amount of coolant due to smaller geometric size of channels and lower operational cost with higher heat transfer performance. Hassan et al.
This means the passband of the filter have a smooth and monotonically decreasing frequency response. Another advantage of this type of filter is selecting a higher order filter will then have a steeper attenuation slope near the cut-off frequency each time the order of the filter is increased. However, the disadvantage of increasing the order of the filter is to add more components to the circuit. Another disadvantage of having a Butterworth filter is the roll-off between the passband and stopband have a slow response. There is also ringing and overshoot in the step response.
The yield of the utilization procedure will be consequently a functional result, which will be called a unit of service. Third element is environmental metabolism is a characterization of whole consumption technology utilized for the processing of units of administration. It is an multidimensional characterization of the natural impacts resulting from the production of a unit of service. Eco-efficiency will be outlined because the extent to that a precise consumption technology is in a position to provide the specified units of service at low environmental value, i.e. with fewer and fewer harmful environmental consequences.
PSO may be machine intelligence-based technique that’s not mostly affected by the size and nonlinearity of the matter, and may converge to the optimum answer in several issues [].This Hybrid PSO has been used to solve the maximum loadability problem [8]. This paper doesn't contemplate the voltage limit and this rule isn't appropriate for large scale system (limited to fourteen bus system). Multi agent hybrid PSO (MAHPSO) have been developed and applied to work out the maximum loadability limit in []. This MAHPSO has benefits of each HPSO and MAPSO. The optimum allocation of generators at this maximum loading purpose is set in [].
and power consumption of 2mW. C.No interference: It transmits the data with 60GHz millimeters wave spectrum; giving advantages over Wi-Fi. D.High Security: Gi-Fi technology follows IEEE 802.15.3C standard (Open, international standard). This standard provides optional security in the link level and service level, it provides more security E.Low cost: This technology utilizes low cost.sice its size is small. F. Size and coverage: It uses 1mm wide antenna and 5mm square chip that is too small so it can be integrated in mobile devices.
Also requiring a tuned circuit adds cost. However this is only an issue for the very low cost broadcast receiver market. Some phase modulation and quadrature amplitude modulation formats have a higher spectral efficiency for data transmission that frequency shift keying, a form of frequency modulation. As a result, most data transmission system use PSK and QAM. The sidebands for an FM transmission theoretically extend out to infinity.
• Higher dispersion stability with predominant Brownian motion of particles. • Reduced pumping power as compared to pure liquid to gain equivalent heat transfer intensification. • Reduced particle clogging as compared to regular slurries, thus promoting system miniaturization. • Adjustable properties, including thermal conductivity and surface wettability, by varying particle concentrations to suit different applications. Nanotechnology is being used or considered for use in many applications targeted to provide more efficient energy supplies and uses.
They have smaller route discovery overheads. They employ a flooding mechanism. A node trying to transmit a packet may have to wait for route discovery. The scalability as there is only light traffic. Reactive route caching can be reduced.
In frequency modulation, the frequency of the carrier wave is being varied in proportion to the waveform being transmitted. In phase modulation, the phase of the carrier wave is being varied in proportion to the waveform being transmitted. The analog transmission has few advantages marked as follows as analog technology records wave forms as they are continuous range of values to represent information. Hence this type of transmission is more accurate. Analog signal processing can be done in real time and consumes less