THE EFFICACY OF WITHANIA SOMNIFERA AGAINST Robert Glover Table of Contents Introduction 3 Method 4 Aseptic Technique 4 Sample Preparation 4 Extract Preparation 4 Disc Diffusion 5 Ethics 7 Results 8 References 9 Introduction Withania Somnifera is a plant with much potential, but is it most effective at inhibiting E-Coli and Staphylococcus aureus when in a solvent of Methanol or Ethyl acetate. This could assist in preventing and curing diseases caused by these bacteria, namely cholecystitis, bacteremia, cholangitis, urinary tract infection, and traveler 's diarrhea Method Aseptic Technique • Ensure Methanol does not come in contact with your skin as it is toxic • Use alcohol and a Bunsen burner to destroy any contaminants on …show more content…
Divide the mixture into equal halves of 25g weighed using an electronic scale to ensure accuracy, using a different crucible 9. Place the equally divided mixtures next to one another in separate 5L conical flasks 10. Label each conical flask according to the solvent which will be added with a permanent marker, Ethyl acetate and …show more content…
Then carefully measure 25ml of methanol and 25ml of ethyl acetate using a measuring beaker 12. Pour each solvent into its respective labelled mortar 13. Stir each sample for 10 minutes using a stirring rod 14. Leave solutions in the sun for 12 hours, this is to allow for the active ingredients bond with the solvent and form a solution and to allow some of the Methanol and Ethyl acetate to evaporate. 15. Add another 25cm3 of Methanol and Ethyl acetate to the solutions. Stir gently for 20 minutes using a stirring rod this is to allow more of the active ingredients to mix with the solution. 16. Take two funnels and place one in two separate clean measuring beakers making sure the bottoms of the funnels don’t touch the bottom of the measuring beakers. Take two pieces of filter paper and press one onto each funnel. 17. Carefully pour the solutions onto the filter paper, making sure there are no tears in the filter paper. 18. Wait for the solutions to be filtered, then take the extracts and repeat the filtration process in new, clean measuring beakers. This is done to remove small solids that may have passed through the first filtration process and could impact on the accuracy of the
Prelab week 1 Calculations Preparation of 1.5μmol/L mixed low-level standard dilution 150μmol/L × V1=1.5μmol/L × 10ml V1=(1.5μmol/L×10ml)/(150μmol/L)=0.1ml Conversion of milliliters to microliters (0.1ml×1000)μL= 100μL Preparation of 3μmol/L mixed low-level standard dilution 150μmol/L × V1=3μmol/L × 10ml V1=(3μmol/L×10ml)/(150μmol/L)=0.2ml Conversion of milliliters to microliters (0.2ml×1000)μL= 200μL Preparation of 3μmol/L mixed low-level standard dilution 150μmol/L × V1=7.5μmol/L × 10ml V1=(7.5μmol/L×10ml)/(150μmol/L)=0.5ml Conversion of milliliters to microliters (0.5ml×1000)μL= 500μL Preparation of the blank samples The volumetric flask will be filled to the mark with 150μmole/L of stock solution to act as blank (reference). Additional two blanks will
Next, about 10 mL of both solutions, Red 40 and Blue 1, were added to a small beaker. The concentration of the stock solution were recorded, 52.1 ppm for Red 40 and 16.6 ppm for Blue 1. Then, using the volumetric pipette, 5 mL of each solution was transferred into a 10 mL volumetric flask, labelled either R1 or B1. Deionized water was added into the flask using a pipette until the solution level reached a line which indicated 10 mL. A cap for the flask was inserted and the flask was invented a few times to completely mix the solution. Then, the volumetric pipette was rinsed with fresh deionized water and
The separated mixture was then filtered using vacuum filtration again. Once the filtrate was all pulled through the filter the remaining sand was washed twice with five mL of distilled water. Air was continuously pulled through until the sand was dry. The filtrate was transferred into another 150-mL beaker. The vacuum filtration was cleaned and set up again for the third filtration.
1. Combine the first five ingredients in a steel or ceramic bowl (you should not use glass or synthetic bowl). 2. Whisk the ingredients until smooth. 3.
Chromatography Lab Riley Borklund Table 5, Seat 2A Lab Partners: Martin, Katherine, and Dakari Honors Biology, Mrs. Semaan January 5, 2016 Abstract: The purpose of this lab is to find what pigments are in a spinach leaf. The only pigments visible to the eye are chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. We know this because chlorophyll reflects the green wavelength of light and shows us that it is present. We also, however, wanted to know what else is present in the spinach leaf.
Screw the liquid onto both test tubes to make sure that they are sealed. You now have to wait for approximately two days, in order to obtain satisfying results. Light the candle/put it on fire. Fill the third test tube with approximately two millimeters of Ethanol.
3. Using the 100 cm3 measuring cylinder, measure 100 ml of water and pour it into the Styrofoam cup with the lid. Record the new mass displayed. 4. Place the Styrofoam cup with the lid into the beaker.
Step 2: Mix both test tubes , shake gently and time the reaction. Step 3: The same step as procedure 1, and step 3 which is to record the observed color step 4: use the palette/color chart to help you identify the observations you make. Safety precautions: Pull your hair back Safety eye goggles Closed toe
In the round-bottom flask (100 mL), we placed p-aminobenzoic acid (1.2 g) and ethanol (12 mL). We swirled the mixture until the solid dissolved completely. We used Pasteur pipet to add concentrated sulfuric acid (1.0 mL) to the flask. We added boiling stone and assembled the reflux. Then, we did reflux for 75 minutes.
chromatography is meant those process which allow the resolution of mixtures by effecting separation of some or all their components in concentrated zone on or in phase different from those in which they are originally present , irrespective of the nature of the force or forces causing the substances to remove from one phase to another . ’’ (Williams et al, 1952) In this chromatography consists in applying a small drop of solution that is containing the substances to be separated to a strip of filter / chromatography paper short distances from one end(Figure 2) . The drop is allowed to dry , and the end of the paper nearest to the spots are placed in the developing solution , usually a water-containing organic solvent , so that the solvent flows past “spot” by capillary action and on down the length of the paper( Figure 1, 3) (Block, Durrum and
5. Join the side arm flask to source of vacuum. While dealing with this experiment you should always use thick walled tubing, the pressure will collapse with the Tygon tubing. 6. Wet the filter paper with a tiny amount of solvent to be used in the filtration.
Burning sensation in feet. Four words you might prefer to avoid, but unfortunately, many are familiar with this uncomfortable experience, where feet inexplicably feel hot. The level of discomfort felt can range from mild numbness to severe pain, which may impact sleep and wellness. At times, feelings of “pins and needles” – medically called paresthesia – will also be felt with burning feet, increasing feelings of discomfort. Part 1: What Causes the Burning Sensation in Feet?
Add 50 to 100 ml of freshly neutralized hot ethyl alcohol and about one ml of phenolphthalein indicator solution. 4. Boil the mixture for about five minutes and titrate it against the standard alkali solution while shaking vigorously during the
INTRODUCTION I have chosen to produce a report on the compound Methanol. In this report I will discuss the industrial synthesis, main uses, demand, origins, availability, cost and environmental impact of methanol. Methanol is also widely known as methyl alcohol or wood alcohol. The chemical formula for methanol is CH3OH. Methanol is a light, colourless and flammable liquid that isn’t fit for human consumption due to its highly toxicnature.
Also, although this likely served no contribution in disheveling the results, using a stirrer of the same material to ensure the separate testing of each substance will be as uniform as