The Pakistani Context Pakistan is a male dominated society where women are considered as no more than secondary citizens (Ferdoos 2005). It is, therefore, evident that women spend the greatest part of their time inside the house and due to purdah (veil) do not have much exposure to male strangers. A confrontation with the ‘male world’ is therefore a traumatic experience they find difficult to face (Syed et al 2005; Shaheed 1990:26). Most women have never been alone in a bank, a government office, or even to a bookshop or hospital (Ferdoos 2005). The inability to interact with male strangers is closely intertwined with the purdah-system, which again is based on the absence of concepts for mixed social interaction, and the perception …show more content…
Women’s labour power is considered inferior because of employers’ predetermined notion of women’s primary role as homemakers (Syed et al. 2005). As a result of discrimination against female labour, women are concentrated in the secondary sector of the labour market where jobs are low paid and there are limited opportunities for upward mobility. For example, the majority of urban female workers are employed in the service sector, followed by the manufacturing sector (Global Gender Report 2011). Similarly, in the public sector, the majority of women are working at basic pay scale grade 9 or below, while not a single women is working in grade 22, which is the highest basic pay scale in Pakistan (Global Gender Report …show more content…
According to the country’s constitution, Islam is the state’s religion. The Objective Resolution, which has been described as ‘the ground norm of Pakistan’, was an introduction to the successive Constitutions of Islamic Republic of Pakistan, of 1956, 1962 and 1973 (Patel 1991). The Martial Law Regime, of President General Zia-ul-Haq, in 1985 made the Objective Resolution a substantive part of the Constitution. It declares that sovereignty over the entire universe belongs to Allah Almighty alone and is to be exercised by the people within the limits prescribed by God (Patel 1991). The Federal Shariat Court, on its own motion or through petition by a citizen or a government (Federal or provincial), may examine and determine as to whether or not a certain provision of law is repugnant to the Injunctions of Islam. Although not formally articulated in the constitution or labour laws until 2010, SH is prohibited according to Islamic shariah, however, there is no explicit provision to implement the law (Ali
Given the oppressive rule of the Taliban, how could women survive without men in their family? The book The Other Side of the Sky by Farah Ahmedi and Tamim Ansary, answers that question by the journey of Farah and her mother. Their journey goes from Afghanistan all the way to America. On this trip, Farah and her mom face many hardships, including their physical injuries and losing their family. In Afghanistan and Pakistan women lacked various rights under Taliban rule that limited their freedoms, but conditions have improved since the Taliban relinquished their power, which shows that given the opportunity women can become independent.
The idea that Muslim women are oppressed and need saving from the veil itself is part of the ethnocentric view that Westerners have of muslims. Afghani women, in particular have to deal with white feminists trying to free them from this restriction. Lila Abu-Luhgod gives us some insight on what this certain issue looks like from an anthropologists’ point of view. In page 396, Abu-Luhgod takes a different approach to the issue by providing the reader with an example of work done in a different country in the wrong way.
On the other hand, patriarchal norms and ideals that aimed to regulate women's behavior and bodies affected the Islam of men. Leila Ahmed's book offers a distinctive viewpoint on Islam and the ways in which gender and identity converge with religious practice overall. Ahmed illustrates the diversity of Islamic ideas and behaviors and refutes the idea that Islam is a single, homogeneous religion by contrasting Islam among women and men. The truthfulness of any interpretation of Islam is ultimately arbitrary and reliant on personal experiences and perceptions. We may,
Currently, gender inequality, although less than before, still exists, for example in wage gaps. “The gender gap in paid work is narrowing, but women still do most of the domestic work and child care… all of which is low-waged labor” (Lorber, 2001, 6). Many expectations for male and female roles, especially in religious customs, continue to exist and “legitimate the social arrangements that produce inequality, justifying them as proper” (Lorber, 2021, 6). Women are somewhat encouraged to work more “feminine” jobs which is causing many women to continue working in more low-paying, domestic jobs. However, there are still many, and a growing increase in successful women working high-paying jobs, inspiring more women to do the
Thesis: The English were a prideful group, entangled in ethnocentrism, that caused a condescending and harsh treatment of the Native Americans, while the Native Americans were actually a dynamic and superior society, which led to the resentment and strife between the groups. P1: English view of Native Americans in VA Even though the English were subordinates of the Powhatan, they disrespected him and his chiefdom due to their preconceived beliefs that they were inferior. “Although the Country people are very barbarous, yet have they amongst them such government...that would be counted very civil… [by having] a Monarchical government” (Smith 22). John Smith acknowledges the “very civil” government of the Natives but still disrespected them by calling them “very barbarous,” which
Paragraphs will be ordered in terms of topic, rhetoric analysis, evidence, collaboration between results to embody my argument and to provide contributing factors and there effect on a universal standpoint to the ethos of women (religion, maternal implications, upbringing, geographic location). A contributing factor leading to gender inequality and segregation in the workforce is geographic location. This refers to the general identification and location of individuals and or data (Jones, 2015) and no matter where you are based in the world, there will always be gender inequality and segregation in the workforce. Pay gaps across such a place as the America, has seen a difference of 77% between men and women in pay. This means that women get roughly 77cents per dollar less than the average white man across the country (Casserly, 2015).
Although growing awareness to eradicate this division, recent statistics show women in Scottish society are overall in a more disadvantaged position than men, especially in terms with employment. In 2014, the gender pay gap stood at 11.5% (Close the Gap, 2014). Although the governmental measure of ‘The Equal pay Act 1970’ made it illegal for a women to be paid less than a man for the same value of work, and the Scottish pay gap of 5.8% in 2011 was brought down from 7.4% in 2010 (gov. scot, 2013), it still hasn’t been close to being eradicated. Both male and female workers in the same job are getting different pay, for example the weekly gross earning of full time for managers and senior officials in 2012 was £767.10 for men and £592.30 for women (ASHE cited by Mckendrick, 2014 p104). This higher chance of being on a low income for women, means a higher risk of being in poverty: of the 5 million workers of all ages living in poverty, 66% were women (Mooney 2014 p9).
Lila Abu-Lughod thinks the idea of “saving” Muslim women and more specifically saving Muslim women from the veil is problematic in the sense that it puts Afghan women in a position where they are in need of saving from an outside source; that they can only be saved by the others. This is continued by detailing many women’s groups as well as Laura Bush during a radio speech she had given that continuously has an air of Western and European sources of having a superiority complex. As if Muslim women need to be save from brown men; “white men saving brown women from brown men” (784), she continues on by pointing out that this is really arrogant to take this position that puts a Western view of freedom, agency, and equality over what Muslim women
They are the main breadwinners in four out of ten familie’s, they also receive more college and graduate degrees than men. IWPR is a company that keeps an annual track of the gender wage gap over a series of time. According to their research, if change continues at the same slow pace as it has done for the past 50 years, it will also take 50 years or until 2058 for women to finally reach pay equality. IWPR’s annual fact sheet on the gender wage gap by occupation shows that just in fact women
Women often fall victim if they do not accept the advances made by their fellow male workers. They have become victims of sexual abuses and rapes while going back home and this is due to lack of proper security. Studies of women’s wages conclude that women are discriminated against in U.S. labor markets. These studies also are misleading because they suffer from the bias caused by omitted information. There is also social discomfort in allowing women to work outside the home in countries like India.
Hosseini portrays how this treatment of women was accepted in Afghani culture because men’s superiority was derived from tradition. He depicts a culture in Afghanistan where wives were seen as mere possessions, so their husbands found fault with them for the inconveniences they experienced. Hosseini demonstrates the mistreatment of women in Afghanistan through the multiple examples he provides where men laid blame with women for circumstances beyond the women’s control or for which were not solely to blame for, just as Nana had warned Mariam that they were prone to do. The first instance in which Nana’s statement rings true is when Nana found out for herself how easily women in Afghanistan could be held completely accountable for things that were not solely their responsibility.
Their needs and desires are ignored and are considered less important than men. When the Talibans came, men’s needs are prioritized while women are left behind. According to Hosseini (2007), “ Women are forbidden from working”(p.298). This shows that men are given the privilege to go to work and earn money to support their families and themselves while girls are debarred from getting a job whether they like it or not as the Talibans think that women are of the weaker sex and are not capable of doing anything that helps contribute to the society. One evidence, according to Hosseini (2007), “ “Go to Rabia Balkhi,” the guard said.
Annotated Bibliography Quast, L. (2015, November 22). The Gender Pay Gap Issue Is Fixable -- But May Require Bolder Actions To Overcome. Retrieved from Forbes.com: http://www.forbes.com/sites/lisaquast/2015/11/22/the-gender-pay-gap-issue-is-fixable-but-may-require-bolder-actions-to-overcome/2/ It is reported by the Economic Policy Institute that although women had made tremendous records entering into workforce and gain great successes in education, but their wage is 83% comparing to men. The world forum also released a report in 2015 that women now make as much as men earned a decade ago.
According to the famous sociologists Sylvia Walby, patriarchy is “a system of social structure and practices in which men dominate, oppress and exploit women”. Women’s exploitation is an age old cultural phenomenon of Indian society. The system of patriarchy finds its validity and sanction in our religious beliefs, whether it is Hindu, Muslim or any other religion. For instance, as per ancient Hindu law giver Manu, “Women are supposed to be in the custody of their father when they are children, they must be under the custody of their husband when married and under the custody of her son in old age or as widows.
This thesis consists of Hanif’s portrait of women and their marginalized positions in the society and economic, social and religious pride and prejudices towards women in Pakistani society which is an important theme of his novels. He belongs to those who are proof of that some people can tell the truth more comprehensively and authentically with fiction than facts. In his second novel Our Lady of Alice Bhatti (2012), he discusses the battle and determination of a woman fitting in with minority goes out in a patriarchal society and endures accordingly. In a male dominated society women in Pakistan are in lower position than men , they are always on the periphery, and are subordinated to men and are in debased positions both within the house and outside the house. Alam (2011) shows by her study that women’s unequal positions contrasted with men make them weaker both out in the open and private circles.